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31.
We report for the first time the use of beetroot fibers to eliminate heavy metals from polluted water. This biomass is used to remove lead, copper and zinc ions. The kinetics and beetroot fibers fixation capacities of lead, zinc and copper according to various physico‐chemical parameters such as pH, and the concentration of metal solutions were studied. The experiments were carried out in a laboratory column with fixed bed. For kinetic studies, samples of metal solutions were taken at regular intervals and measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. pH at 6.6 shows a maximum retention of the above cited metals by beetroot fibers (98%, 92%, 90% respectively). Quantity of cations retained by this biomass in simple and mixture solution is respectively estimated to be 23.6, 14.02 and 14.64 mg/g. Results indicate the usefulness of this biomass in the remediation of water contaminated by heavy metals by a rapid, practical and efficient method. 相似文献
32.
In this article we describe the use of beetroot fibers in treating water contaminated with heavy metals, in softening hard water, and in desalinating seawater. The study was carried out with either beetroot fibers or powdered fibers using a laboratory column with a fixed bed. The effectiveness of the method and the effect of the pH on it were monitored by atomic absorption spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, conductivity measurements, and a volumetric method. The optimum pH range for all the treatment was found to be between 6.0 and 6.6. The heavy metals included in this study were lead, copper, nickel, and zinc. The amount of heavy metals retained by the fibers or the powder was significant in each case. The retention capacity was the strongest for lead and the weakest for nickel. In the case of hard water and seawater studies, our experiments revealed a dramatic decrease in total dissolved solids (TDS), indicating the potential of the method as an aid or an alternative to conventional methods. 相似文献
33.
Malik Nur Khaliesah Abdul Manaf Latifah Abd Jamil Nor Rohaizah Rosli Mohd Hafiz Ash’aari Zulfa Hanan Othman Mohamad Al-Ekhwan 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2021,23(4):1289-1302
Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management - The accumulation of floatable litter load captured in gross pollutant trap (GPT) due to the hydrological runoff has become challenging due to rapid... 相似文献
34.
The bioaccumulation and translocation of Fe,Zn, and Cu in species of mushrooms from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Russula</Emphasis> genus 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Busuioc G Elekes CC Stihi C Iordache S Ciulei SC 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2011,18(6):890-896
Introduction
Many previous studies revealed a high ability of mushrooms to accumulate heavy metals from environment. This paper concerns the capacity of some wild macromycetes belonging to Russula genus to accumulate heavy metals in natural condition of pH (between 6.5 and 6.8) and the pattern of metal translocation in the fruiting body. 相似文献35.
Mahboob M Siddiqui MK Jamil K 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2000,35(6):739-749
Subacute oral toxicity of a newly developed phosphorothionate insecticide (2-butenoic acid-3-(diethoxy-phosphinothioyl) methyl ester), coded as RPR-2, was studied in male rats by oral (multiple) intubation of low (0.014 mg kg(-1) day(-1)), medium (0.028 mg kg(-1) day(-1)), and high (0.042 mg kg(-1) day(-1)) dose for 90 days. The medium and high dose produced toxic symptoms along-with some mortality (20%) occurred in the high dose treated rats. The medium and high doses caused significant inhibition in cytochrome P-450 activity in liver, lung, kidney and brain tissues at 45 and 90 days. The high dose caused significant decrease in cyt.b5 activity of all the four tissues at 45 and 90 days. Whereas, medium dose brought such effect in liver and lung at 45 and 90 days. Kidney and brain cyt.b5 activity decreased significantly at 90th day due to medium dose. Low dose also caused inhibition in cyt.b5 activity in brain at 90th day. Cytochrome P-450 reductase activity was decreased significantly in liver, 相似文献
36.
Alexis Ramfos Stamatina Isari Stylianos Somarakis Dimitris Georgopoulos Constantin Koutsikopoulos Nina Fragopoulu 《Marine Biology》2006,150(1):29-44
Depth-stratified samples, collected during a period where the water column was vertically mixed (March 2000) and a period of thermal stratification (September 2000), were analyzed in order to investigate the horizontal and vertical distribution patterns and composition of mesozooplankton, especially copepod species assemblages, in a pelagic (Ionian Sea) and a coastal area (Patraikos Gulf) of the eastern Mediterranean. Total mesozooplankton abundance and biomass were significantly lower in the highly oligotrophic offshore waters of the Ionian Sea when compared to the semi-enclosed Patraikos Gulf during both seasons. Small-sized copepods dominated the mesozooplankton community. An ‘offshore’ and a ‘coastal’ copepod assemblage were defined in the surface layer (0–50 m) only during March when differences in environmental conditions (i.e., temperature, salinity and fluorescence) were strong between the two areas. Copepod vertical community structure in offshore waters differed between sampling months. In March one assemblage (0–200 m) was mainly identified, while in September three distinct assemblages (0–50, 50–100 and 100–200 m) were observed, related to different vertical distribution patterns of the various copepod species. A pronounced seasonal change of the dominant copepods was evident in the surface layer, where strong differences in hydrological properties were observed from March to September. Below this layer, the copepod community was relatively stable showing decreasing seasonal differences with increasing depth. 相似文献
37.
Inoue MH Oliveira RS Regitano JB Tormena CA Constantin J Tornisielo VL 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2004,39(4):589-601
Sorption kinetics of atrazine and diuron was evaluated in soil samples from a typical landscape in Paraná. Samples were collected (0-20 cm) in a no-tillage area from Mamborê, PR, which has been cultivated under a crop rotation for the last six years. Six sampling points of the slope were selected to represent a wide range of soil chemical and physical properties found in this area. Radiolabeled tracers (14C-atrazine and 14C-diuron) were used and the radioactivity was detected by liquid scintillation counting (LSC). Sorption was accomplished for increasing equilibration periods (0.5, 1.5, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h). Kinetics data fitted adequately well to Elovich equation, providing evidences that soil reaction occurs in two distinct stages: a fast, initial one followed by a slower one. During the fast phase, 34-42 and 71-79% of total atrazine and diuron applied were sorbed to soil samples. No important differences were found among combinations of soil and herbicide sorption during the slow phase. The unrealistic conditions under batch experiments should be overestimating sorption in the fast phase and underestimating diffusion in the slow phase. Sorption of both herbicides was positively correlated to organic carbon and clay contents of soils, but atrazine was much less sorbed than diuron, showing its higher potential to contaminate groundwater, specially in sandy, low organic carbon soils. 相似文献
38.
Saulat Hammad Khan Muhammad Masood Aslam Muhammad Chawla Muhammad Rafiq Sikander Zafar Faisal Khan Muhammad Mahmood Bokhari Awais Jamil Farrukh Bhutto Abdul Waheed Bazmi Aqeel Ahmed 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2021,28(26):34051-34073
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Energy is an essential parameter for the economic growth and sustainable development of any country. Due to the rapid increase in energy demand,... 相似文献
39.
Escaping radioactivity from coal-fired power plants (CPPs) due to coal burning and the associated hazards: a review 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Constantin Papastefanou 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2010,101(3):191-200
Coal, like most materials found in nature, contains trace quantities of the naturally occurring primordial radionuclides, i.e. of 40K and of 238U, 232Th and their decay products. Therefore, the combustion of coal results in the released into the environment of some natural radioactivity (1.48 TBq y−1), the major part of which (99 %) escapes as very fine particles, while the rest in fly ash. The activity concentrations of natural radionuclides measured in coals originated from coal mines in Greece varied from 117 to 435 Bq kg−1 for 238U, from 44 to 255 Bq kg−1 for 226Ra, from 59 to 205 Bq kg−1 for 210Pb, from 9 to 41 Bq kg−1 for 228Ra (232Th) and from 59 to 227 Bq kg−1 for 40K. Fly ash escapes from the stacks of coal-fired power plants in a percentage of 3-1% of the total fly ash, in the better case. The natural radionuclide concentrations measured in fly ash produced and retained or escaped from coal-fired power plants in Greece varied from 263 to 950 Bq kg−1 for 238U, from 142 to 605 Bq kg−1 for 226Ra, from 133 to 428 Bq kg−1 for 210Pb, from 27 to 68 Bq kg−1 for 228Ra (232Th) and from 204 to 382 Bq kg−1 for 40K. About 5% of the total ash produced in the coal-fired power plants is used as substitute of cement in concrete for the construction of dwellings, and may affect indoor radiation doses from external irradiation and the inhalation of radon decay products (internal irradiation) is the most significant. The resulting normalized collective effective doses were 6 and 0.5 man-Sv (GW a)−1 for typical old and modern coal-fired power plants, respectively. 相似文献
40.
Robinson L. Contiero Fabiano A. Rios Denis F. Biffe Jamil Constantin Rubem S. de Oliveira Jr 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(10):803-809
AbstractThe aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of time of the day and their associated climatic conditions on spray deposition of two 2,4-D formulations, as well as the influence on weed control. The experiment was installed in the field in complete randomized design. Treatments were arranged in factorial design 8?×?2, with 20 repetitions. First factor corresponded to different application time (1:00, 4:00, 7:00, 10:00, 13:00, 16:00, 19:00, and 22:00) with their respective climatic conditions. The second factor consisted of two formulations of 2,4-D applied at 776?g a.e. ha?1 (2,4-D amine and 2,4-D choline salt with Colex-D? Technology) + glyphosate (816?g a.e. ha?1). There was more spray deposition when 2,4-D choline formulation was used, and such differences were more evident for applications performed under adverse climatic conditions. More spray deposition was found in applications performed at times of day with more favorable temperature and humidity of the air conditions. Only the initial control of the evaluated species was affected by the time of application. 相似文献