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71.
Marco Basile Antonio Romano Andrea Costa Mario Posillico Daniele Scinti Roger Aldo Crisci Ranieri Raimondi Tiziana Altea Vittorio Garfì Giovanni Santopuoli Marco Marchetti Sebastiano Salvidio Bruno De Cinti Giorgio Matteucci 《Die Naturwissenschaften》2017,104(9-10):80
Many small terrestrial vertebrates exhibit limited spatial movement and are considerably exposed to changes in local environmental variables. Among such vertebrates, amphibians at present experience a dramatic decline due to their limited resilience to environmental change. Since the local survival and abundance of amphibians is intrinsically related to the availability of shelters, conservation plans need to take microhabitat requirements into account. In order to gain insight into the terrestrial ecology of the spectacled salamander Salamandrina perspicillata and to identify appropriate forest management strategies, we investigated the salamander’s seasonal variability in habitat use of trees as shelters in relation to tree features (size, buttresses, basal holes) and environmental variables in a beech forest in Italy. We used the occupancy approach to assess tree suitability on a non-conventional spatial scale. Our approach provides fine-grained parameters of microhabitat suitability and elucidates many aspects of the salamander’s terrestrial ecology. Occupancy changed with the annual life cycle and was higher in autumn than in spring, when females were found closer to the stream in the study area. Salamanders showed a seasonal pattern regarding the trees they occupied and a clear preference for trees with a larger diameter and more burrows. With respect to forest management, we suggest maintaining a suitable number of trees with a trunk diameter exceeding 30 cm. A practice of selective logging along the banks of streams could help maintain an adequate quantity of the appropriate microhabitat. Furthermore, in areas with a presence of salamanders, a good forest management plan requires leaving an adequate buffer zone around streams, which should be wider in autumn than in spring. 相似文献
72.
Cuyler Christine Rowell Janice Adamczewski Jan Anderson Morgan Blake John Bretten Tord Brodeur Vincent Campbell Mitch Checkley Sylvia L. Cluff H. Dean Côté Steeve D. Davison Tracy Dumond Mathieu Ford Barrie Gruzdev Alexander Gunn Anne Jones Patrick Kutz Susan Leclerc Lisa-Marie Mallory Conor Mavrot Fabien Mosbacher Jesper Bruun Okhlopkov Innokentiy Mikhailovich Reynolds Patricia Schmidt Niels Martin Sipko Taras Suitor Mike Tomaselli Matilde Ytrehus Bjørnar 《Ambio》2020,49(3):805-819
Ambio - Muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) are an integral component of Arctic biodiversity. Given low genetic diversity, their ability to respond to future and rapid Arctic change is unknown, although... 相似文献
73.
Scaratti Gidiane De Noni Júnior Agenor José Humberto Jorge de Fatima Peralta Muniz Moreira Regina 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2020,27(18):22144-22154
Environmental Science and Pollution Research - 1,4-Dioxane is a synthetic cyclic ether traditionally used as a chlorinated solvent stabilizer. It is a small molecule and recalcitrant compound that... 相似文献
74.
García del Barrio JM Ortega M Vázquez De la Cueva A Elena-Rosselló R 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2006,119(1-3):137-159
This paper mainly aims to study the linear element influence on the estimation of vascular plant species diversity in five Mediterranean landscapes modeled as land cover patch mosaics. These landscapes have several core habitats and a different set of linear elements -habitat edges or ecotones, roads or railways, rivers, streams and hedgerows on farm land- whose plant composition were examined. Secondly, it aims to check plant diversity estimation in Mediterranean landscapes using parametric and non-parametric procedures, with two indices: Species richness and Shannon index.Land cover types and landscape linear elements were identified from aerial photographs. Their spatial information was processed using GIS techniques. Field plots were selected using a stratified sampling design according to relieve and tree density of each habitat type. A 50×20 m2 multi-scale sampling plot was designed for the core habitats and across the main landscape linear elements. Richness and diversity of plant species were estimated by comparing the observed field data to ICE (Incidence-based Coverage Estimator) and ACE (Abundance-based Coverage Estimator) non-parametric estimators.The species density, percentage of unique species, and alpha diversity per plot were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in linear elements than in core habitats. ICE estimate of number of species was 32% higher than of ACE estimate, which did not differ significantly from the observed values. Accumulated species richness in core habitats together with linear elements, were significantly higher than those recorded only in the core habitats in all the landscapes. Conversely, Shannon diversity index did not show significant differences. 相似文献
75.
Mean values of eight contaminants in Herring Gull (Larus argentatus) eggs were calculated for 15 Great Lakes sites for the 5 year period 1998–2002. The sites were ranked according to the concentrations of each of seven compounds relative to fish flesh criteria for the protection of piscivorous wildlife, and a single overall rank of contamination was calculated for each site. Based on this weighted ranking scheme, we found that sum PCBs, dioxin and DDE contributed the most (60.2, 30.5% and 8.5%, respectively) to the overall rankings. The weighted ranking scheme showed that eggs from Channel-Shelter Island (Saginaw Bay, Lake Huron), Strachan Island (St. Lawrence River) and Gull Island (northern Lake Michigan) ranked as the three most contaminated sites, while Agawa Rocks (eastern Lake Superior), Chantry Island (southern Lake Huron) and Port Colborne (eastern Lake Erie) ranked as the three least contaminated sites. Two of the three most contaminated sites are Areas of Concern; none of the three least contaminated sites are Areas of Concern. 相似文献
76.
77.
78.
Patrick Smallhorn-West Jan van der Ploeg Delvene Boso Meshach Sukulu Janet Leamae Mathew Isihanua Martin Jasper Janet Saeni-Oeta Margaret Batalofo Grace Orirana Alick Konamalefo Jill Houma Hampus Eriksson 《Ambio》2022,51(6):1504
Coastal fisheries are a critical component of Pacific island food systems; they power village economies and provide nutritious aquatic foods. Many coastal women and men actively fishing in this region rely on multi-species fisheries, which given their extraordinary diversity are notoriously difficult to both characterize, and to manage. Understanding patterns of fishing, diversity of target species and drivers of these patterns can help define requirements for sustainable management and enhanced livelihoods. Here we use a 12-month data set of 8535 fishing trips undertaken by fishers across Malaita province, Solomon Islands, to create fisheries signatures for 13 communities based on the combination of two metrics; catch per unit effort (CPUE) and catch trophic levels. These signatures are in turn used as a framework for guiding suitable management recommendations in the context of community-based resource management. While a key proximate driver of these patterns was fishing gear (e.g. angling, nets or spearguns), market surveys and qualitative environmental information suggest that community fishing characteristics are coupled to local environmental features more than the market value of specific species they target. Our results demonstrate that even within a single island not all small-scale fisheries are equal, and effective management solutions ultimately depend on catering to the specific environmental characteristics around individual communities.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13280-021-01690-z. 相似文献
79.
水温是评价水库水生态系统影响的重要水质参数之一,为研究三峡水库库首水温分布状况,于2011年在距三峡大坝约为35 km处,对三峡水库建成后各个运行期库首水温进行了详细监测。研究发现:在已确定的三峡工程常规调度运行方式下, 12~4月库首底部形成明显的低温区域,3月表层和底部水温之差为全年的最大值208℃,最大温度梯度为0156。5月底部低温区迅速减弱,表层和底部水温之差小于10℃。6~9月期间,低温区一直处于减弱的趋势,水体垂向掺混逐渐增强,库首水温垂向分布基本均匀一致。但进入10月后,由于上游来流水温较低,水体由于密度较大而潜入底部对低温区域起到了加强的作用,致使表底层温差达到146℃。根据2012年3~5月对三峡水库库首茅坪断面水温监测数据可知,在横向断面上,水温几乎没有差别。在分析三峡水库库首水温空间分布时,可以近似认为其横向水温分布基本一致。为研究三峡大坝的建成对河道水温的改变以及坝前是否存在水温分层现象提供依据和参考 相似文献
80.
Michael Duijn Arwin van Buuren Magnus Sparrevik Adriaan Slob Gerald Jan Ellen Amy Oen 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2016,59(5):927-947
This study aims at describing, analyzing and evaluating the relation between management styles and process dynamics of a complex planning process confronted with unexpected dynamics. The development of an aquatic disposal site for dredged contaminated sediments in Oslo was managed by a project management style focused on timely and cost-effective implementation. Coupling the remediation project with another infrastructural project and the actual construction of the site led to unexpected dynamics in terms of resistance and controversy. Project management had difficulties in adjusting its style accordingly, resulting in even more delay and resistance. Managing complex planning projects requires a style suitable to the characteristics of the project and the capability of adjusting it to changing circumstances. The paper concludes with some explanations why it is difficult to change management styles in complex planning and implementation processes and complexity-embracing approaches to deal with this. 相似文献