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751.
Meri Suhartini H. Mitomo F. Yoshii N. Nagasawa T. Kume 《Journal of Polymers and the Environment》2001,9(4):163-171
Three kinds of poly(butylene succinate)s (PBS) with different molecular weight were irradiated with electron beams in the presence of inorganic material. Fourteen kinds of inorganic materials were used in this work. The presence of inorganic material inside cross-linked PBS samples enhances the yield of gel formation. The heat stabilities of PBS samples were checked; it was found that silicon dioxide and carbon black significantly improve these properties. Enzymatic and soil burial tests were performed; the presence of these inorganic materials in cross-linked PBS accelerates the rate of biodegradation. 相似文献
752.
Langan Simon Hodson Mark Bain Derek Hornung Mike Reynolds Brian Hall Jane Johnston Lynne 《Water, Air, & Soil Pollution: Focus》2001,1(1-2):299-312
Current legislation within Europe aimed at limitingecosystem damage resulting from inputs of atmosphericpollution is based on the critical load concept. Mineralweathering rates are central to the calculation ofcritical loads (acceptable levels) of acid deposition.The authors have undertaken a number of studies whichillustrate the complications and limitations inherent inpredicting mineral weathering rates and the implicationswhich these have for critical loads calculations andmapping. Calculated weathering rates and critical loadsfor two acid-sensitive parent materials (greywackes andgranites) are presented and are used to illustrate theimpact that uncertainty can have on critical loadexceedances. The results have obvious implications forportraying the uncertainties of critical loads to policy makers. 相似文献
753.
Patrizia Jereb Rita Cannas Porzia Maiorano Giambattista Bello Fulvio Garibaldi Marco Mereu Francesco G. Ancona Giovanni Ammendolia Pietro Battaglia Önder Duysak Hendrik Jan T. Hoving Eugenia Lefkaditou Marek R. Lipinski Riccardo Melis Panagiota N. Peristeraki Sergio Ragonese Teresa Romeo Alp Salman Begonia M. Santos Alberto Villari Danila Cuccu 《Marine Biology》2016,163(9):192
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756.
Shany?Mayumi?NagaokaEmail author Agnaldo?Silva?Martins Robson?Guimar?es?dos?Santos M?nica?Maria?Pereira?Tognella Eurico?Cabral?de?Oliveira Filho Jeffrey?A.?Seminoff 《Marine Biology》2012,159(3):573-581
The diet of 50 juvenile green turtles Chelonia mydas live-captured incidentally by fixed fishing traps between January and June 2009 in Cananéia Estuarine–Lagoon complex, Brazil,
was studied through analysis of esophageal lavage samples. Green turtles consumed an omnivorous diet, with 18 food components
identified and grouped into 4 categories as follows: terrestrial plants, algae, invertebrates, and seagrass. Black mangrove
leaves were of the greatest importance to diet. Turtles incidentally get into fixed traps probably because these devices are
located on mangrove margins, where they forage. The additional foods suggest that green turtles also feed opportunistically
on material adhered to the trap structure and/or on items that cross into its interior. Green turtle diet in estuarine environments
appears to be determined by the availability of food components, with some selectivity toward items of apparently greater
nutritional value. 相似文献
757.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are among the most toxic environmental pollutants. Food, especially animal based, has been described as the major source for human exposure to PCBs. We investigated PCB levels (congeners 10, 28, 52, 153, 138, and 180) in cheese from 14 cities of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The fat was extracted using sodium sulfate and petroleum ether, and PCBs purification was conducted using florisil and hexane. The identification and quantification were made in a gas chromatograph with microelectron capture detector (GC-microECD). PCB congeners were found (lower bound data as ngg(-1) fat) in the following rank: 52 (15.75)>180 (4.91)>28 (3.43)>153 (3.00)>10 (2.38)>138 (1.37). Summation operatorPCB contamination ranged from 0 to 78.32 ngg(-1) fat. Differences in PCB levels between industrialized (33.32 ngg(-1) fat) and homemade (26.58 ngg(-1) fat) cheese and between two different regions (36.19 vs. 26.95 ngg(-1) fat) were not statistically significant. For university students, the estimated daily intake (EDI) of PCBs from cheese ranged from 0 to 3.13 pgkg(-1) b.w. EDI was significantly higher for industrialized than homemade cheese, and for cheese from Mountain/Porto Alegre region than from Santa Maria/South/Western region. No sample exceeded maximum level of PCBs allowed in dairy products in the European Community. 相似文献
758.
Gómez-Ariza JL Santos MM Morales E Giráldez I Sánchez-Rodas D Vieira N Kemp JF Boon JP Ten-Hallers-Tjabbes CC 《Chemosphere》2006,64(7):1100-1108
Imposex in female snails, a bioindicator of TBT contamination, and the presence of organotins in snails' tissue and sediments were studied at nine sites off the western Iberian Peninsula. The study was part of a European project (acronym HIC-TBT) co-financed by the EU-LIFE programme, intending to investigate and communicate the impact of organotins from ships in marine ecosystems. Snails and sediments were sampled during two cruises in May/June 1999 and in January 2000 in areas of high, intermediate and low-shipping density. Imposex was found in female snails from several sampling sites, some of which had an imposex incidence of 100%. Differences in sensitivity were found between species; hence comparison of imposex levels between locations where different species were collected was not straightforward. Total organotin concentrations in sediments (sum of butyl and phenyltin compounds) ranged from 21 to 185 ng Sn g(-1) with higher values for most sites sampled in the vicinity of shipping lanes. Organotin concentration in snails' tissue ranged from <5 to 196 ng Sn g(-1), which are similar to those found in snails from other offshore areas contaminated by TBT. Overall, these results give further support to the recent ban on the use of organotin based antifouling paints to all ship size. 相似文献
759.
The lethal effects of aluminum ion (Al3+) in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) raised in concrete tanks were investigated. Tilapias were fed daily with commercial feed enriched with known concentrations of Al3+ and analyzed by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV). The concentrations of Al3+ in feces, water, muscle tissue, viscera, and heads were determined every 3 months for a period of 365 days. The Tilapia head was the most affected tissue by Al3+. In general, Al3+ bioaccumulation reached the lethal dose (LD50) after 335 days of experiment as follows: 34.9?mg?kg?1 (muscle tissue), 88.2?mg?kg?1 (viscera), and 126.9?mg?kg?1 (head without gills). After determining Cu2+, Zn2+, and Ca2+ by absorption spectrometry, a decrease in the Ca2+ concentration was noted in the head during the experimental period. These observations were associated with the occurrence of a decalcification in the bone tissue in the presence of Al3+. In contrast, it was found that Zn2+ ions may act as a protective agent against Al3+-induced contamination. 相似文献
760.
Alexandre V. Palaoro Luciane Ayres-Peres Sandro Santos 《Behavioral ecology and sociobiology》2013,67(2):283-292
Communication plays a large role in resource competition, especially for potential mates, and is used by members of the competing sex to assess each other, and simultaneously to evaluate the other sex, which may be advertising its status. To assess the effects of female advertisement on male aggression, males of the decapod Aegla were paired according to body and armament size. Males were left to interact in five different treatments: with receptive females that could use both chemical and visual cues, non-receptive females that could use both types of cues, receptive females that could use only one cue, or no female in the aquarium. Fight duration, time spent in the most aggressive acts, latency period, number of antennal whips/fight duration, and time spent near the female were analyzed. The males had shorter and less intense confrontations when there was a receptive female that could signal with at least one modality. Winning males spent significantly more time near the receptive female only when both chemical and visual cues were present, when compared to the other treatments. The low level of aggression shown by the males may be related to information asymmetry due to the female’s choice: only the preferred male would receive information from the female, or males could compete for other resources that attract females. However, male aggression was modified by the presence of female chemical cues, whereas mate guarding was initiated only when both chemical and visual cues were present. Hence, male aggression can be downregulated by female receptivity. 相似文献