Primary Productivity in the Golden Horn

The shores of the Golden Horn—once most important seaport of the region—represented throughout history a romantic and recreational venue. This tributary to the Bosphorus, however, became seriously polluted with the extensive industrialization and rapid population growth in Istanbul over the past century. Two main tributaries, the Alibeykoy and the Kagithane, dumped both liquid and solid waste from residential areas and industry (small and large-scale) into the Golden Horn. As a result of this pollution, the landward three to four kilometers of the estuary became swamped with sediment. The dominance of anaerobic activity resulted in a highly unpleasant smell, and the shallow depth as one progressed up the bay restricted navigation. In early 1997 The Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality began a dredging operation and gradually diverted all domestic and industrial wastewater discharge from the Golden Horn. Since then there have been remarkable improvements in water quality. This paper presents the state of eutrophication through the water body of the Golden Horn; parameters such as DO, TKN, NH₃-N, NO₃-N, the total phosphorus (TP) and dissolved phosphorus (PO₄-P), phytoplankton and chlorophyll-a have been were analyzed in samples of water taken from various points in the Golden Horn. The presence of DO and the phytoplankton, both indicators of primary productivity in an aquatic body, has been evaluated in relation to former conditions.     

Radiocaesium Activity Concentrations in Milk in the Republic of Croatia and Dose Assessment

Results of systematic measurements of radiocaesium activities in milk after the Chernobyl nuclear accident are summarized. ¹³⁷Cs fallout activity affects milk activity, the coefficient of correlation being 0.89. The ¹³⁷Cs activities in milk in Croatia are log-normally distributed, reflecting the exponential decrease of activity. After the Chernobyl nuclear accident the ¹³⁴Cs:¹³⁷ Cs activity ratio in milk was 0.5, and did not differ from that for other environmental samples. The dose due to radiocaesium ingestion by milk consumption was estimated for the Croatian population, the annual collective equivalent dose being approximately 205 manSv in 1986 and 1.5 manSv in 1994.     

安全监测在深基坑工程中的应用

对某深基坑工程施工过程采用安全监测和信息化施工手段，安全监测内容包括基坑边坡坡顶位移监测、维护桩水平位移和桩身钢筋应力的监测、锚杆拉力的监测，使得此深基坑工程的安全施工有了可靠的保证，从安全监测的结果来看，此深基坑工程设计合理，施工质量可靠，是大型深基坑工程中成功的支护工程之一。     

半固态触变成形坯料感应加热的数值模拟

半固态触变成形技术以其降低宏观偏析、减少多孔性、成形力小和近终成形等优点受到广泛关注。在触变成形之前 ,使坯料具有均匀的固 液相分布和球状晶粒是很重要的 ,这就要求加热快而迅速。为满足这一要求 ,目前普遍采用电磁感应加热。文中对感应加热进行了有限元理论分析 ,采用商用有限元软件ANASYS对半固态触变成形坯料感应加热进行了数值模拟 ,模拟了频率、加热时间、线圈电流强度系数、坯料尺寸半径、线圈尺寸大小等参数对坯料温度的影响。     

扁挤压筒受力的有限元分析及试验

对 8 5 0mm× 2 5 0mm扁挤压筒 ,采用双层预应力结构模型 ,模型尺寸按实际尺寸的 1/10设计 ,用有限元方法进行受力分析 ,并进行了模拟试验 ,得到的结果与实际情况基本一致 ,为进一步对扁挤压筒结构的优化设计提供了依据。     

局部预压力结构扁挤压筒的分析研究

通过对扁挤压筒结构的优化分析 ,提出了局部预压力结构扁挤压筒模型 ,给出了对模型的有限元分析结果。采用局部预压力结构方法设计的扁挤压筒 ,与等效厚壁圆筒法设计的扁挤压筒相比 ,在同等条件下 ,可以使危险部位的等效应力明显降低     

Metabolic fate of aromatic amines in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis

The postmitochondrial fraction of the digestive gland from the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis possesses FAD-containing monooxygenase (EC 1.14.38) but lacks cytochrome P-450 dependent benzo(a)pyrene monooxygenase (EC 11.4.14.1). This is also evidenced by the ability of the mussel preparation to activate carcinogenic aromatic amines, but not carcinogenic benzo(a)pyrene, to Salmonella typhimurium TA 98 mutagens. This metabolic activity is NADPH dependent. Mussel digestive gland postmitochondrial fraction also possesses the enzymes needed for the detoxicating part of the aromatic amine metabolism: UDP-glucuronyl transferase (EC 2.4.1.17) and -glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31). Under the experimental conditions used here, this aromatic amine metabolic pathway converts up to 8% of 2-acetylamino(9-¹⁴C)fluorene, but not (G-³H)benzo(a)pyrene, to water soluble glucuronides. Glucuronic acid stimulates the formation of these glucuronides. The metabolites liberated from these glucuronides by the -glucuronidase treatment could be converted to TA 98 strain mutagens by the carp liver postmitochondrial fraction, but not by the mussel's digestive gland preparation. The presence of such a selective potential for the bioactivation and detoxication of aromatic amines, and not polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, in the marine invertebrate(s) may bring new insight to our understanding of the effects and the fate of carcinogens in the marine environment.