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101.
Susana Torno Javier Toraño Mario Menendez Malcolm Gent Cristina Allende 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2011,11(1):99-112
Landfill sites have been the most common way of eliminating solid urban waste, as well as that of public and mining wastes.
Landfill sites are a constant source of environmental pollution and wind is the most important contributing factor to air
pollution, due to the erosion which it produces over the landfill site surfaces, transporting dust away from the source point.
This causes serious risks for human health and general dirt in the surrounding areas of the landfill site. The result of dust
air pollution produced in a landfill site is analysed through CFD3D (Computational Fluid Dynamics) by joining the LIDAR (Light
Detection and Ranging) technique and Ansys CFX 10.0 software. The CFD simulations determine the wind velocity distribution
on the landfill site surface and the different particle threshold friction velocities which determine the dust emission in
multiphase simulations (air-particles). These simulations are validated from field data obtained in three measurement programmes
for each type of landfill site surface treatment which has been studied. It was determined that the superficial landfill site
treatment with the lowest air pollution is tall grass and bushes. The methodology used can be applied to the dust emission
calculation in the design or evaluation of other landfill sites. 相似文献
102.
Pablo del Río Javier Carrillo-Hermosilla Totti Könnölä Carlos García Suárez 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2008,13(8):863-885
This paper empirically shows how the uncertainty associated to the absence of a mitigation regime which follows the United
Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change Kyoto Protocol (UN FCCC Kyoto Protocol) is affecting investments in abatement
activities in the EU electricity sector and, thus, future emissions levels. Based on a survey of EU electric utilities, it
identifies the most likely post-Kyoto scenarios considered by them and how they are coping with such uncertainty in their
investment decisions. It is found that firms react differently to such uncertainty and adopt different strategies to cope
with it, diversifying their emissions control activities. Although most companies foresee post-Kyoto compliance regimes with
emissions trading systems, they differ in their perceptions of the form that a post-Kyoto regime could take and are, thus,
positioning differently to face such regime. The particular features of each company and the country where they operate affect
their perception of the uncertainties, their position regarding a possible post-Kyoto regime and their inclination to carry
out mitigation activities. Complying with Kyoto (and, eventually, post-Kyoto) targets significantly influences the investment
decisions of European electricity companies. Uncertainty about a post-Kyoto regime may already be affecting investments in
mitigation activities in the electricity sector. Therefore, significant progress has to be made in the definition of a post-Kyoto
regime. It is urgent to define and agree internationally the emissions reduction objectives and the mitigation instruments
that will be accepted for compliance, ensuring continuity of the international emissions trading system foreseen in the Kyoto
Protocol.
相似文献
Pablo del RíoEmail: |
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105.
Javier Houspanossian Raúl Giménez Germán Baldi Marcelo Nosetto 《Journal of Land Use Science》2016,11(4):369-383
In this paper, we explored how aridity influences the regional deforestation and land-use patterns (i.e. crops/pastures) in South American Dry Chaco. To do this, we contrasted land use during last decade (2001–2012) with a spatially explicit aridity index, which we complemented with a crop water balance model. Land-use classifications were performed by considering the temporal variability of NDVI from MODIS satellites, showing that 40 and 60% of deforested land was assigned to crops and pastures, respectively. Results indicate that although the regional deforestation pattern was not associated with the aridity gradient, with drier areas similarly deforested as wetter areas, contrasting differences were observed in the use of this land, with crops mostly located (90%) in wetter areas and pastures evenly distributed across the whole aridity gradient. This research highlighted the strong effect of water limitations on the land-use option after deforestation and may help to set the basis for future land-use planning policies. 相似文献
106.
Javier A. Arce-Nazario 《Journal of Land Use Science》2016,11(4):417-428
For land-use science to engage the general public it must successfully translate its concepts and conclusions and make them public outside of traditional scientific venues. Here we explore science-art exhibits, which blend artistic presentations with specific scientific data or themes, as a possible effective way of communicating scientific information and disrupting misconceptions. We describe the process of producing a science-art exhibit on remote sensing and Puerto Rican landscape history from 1937 to the present, sited at a rural Puerto Rican community museum, and examine the visitor experience and educational outcomes of the museum exhibit through analysis of survey data. The exhibit project engaged undergraduate students from a variety of academic backgrounds, introduced land-use science concepts to the public in an engaging format, and was effective at reshaping visitors’ misconceptions of Puerto Rico’s landscape change history. 相似文献
107.
Pistón M Silva J Pérez-Zambra R Dol I Knochen M 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2012,34(2):273-278
A multicommutated flow system was designed and evaluated for the determination of total arsenic and selenium by Hydride Generation
Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (HG-AAS). It was applied to the determination of arsenic and selenium in samples of natural
and drinking water. Detection limits were 0.46 and 0.08 μg l−1 for arsenic and selenium, respectively; sampling frequency was 120 samples h−1 for arsenic and 160 samples h−1 for selenium. Linear ranges found were 1.54–10 μg l−1 (R = 0.999) for arsenic and 0.27–27 μg l−1 (R = 0.999) for selenium. Accuracy was evaluated by spiking various water samples and using a reference material. Recoveries
were in the range 95–116%. Analytical precision (s
r
(%), n = 10) was 6% for both elements. Compared with the Standard Methods, APHA, 3114B manual method, the system consumes at least
10 times less sample per determination, and the quantities of acid and reducing agent used are significantly lower with a
reduction in the generation of pollutants and waste. As an additional advantage, the system is very fast, efficient and environmentally
friendly for monitoring total arsenic and selenium levels in waters. 相似文献
108.
109.
Methods to assess ecosystem services using ecological or economic approaches are considerably better defined than methods for the social approach. To identify why the social approach remains unclear, we reviewed current trends in the literature. We found two main reasons: (i) the cultural ecosystem services are usually used to represent the whole social approach, and (ii) the economic valuation based on social preferences is typically included in the social approach. Next, we proposed a framework for the social valuation of ecosystem services that provides alternatives to economics methods, enables comparison across studies, and supports decision-making in land planning and management. The framework includes the agreements emerged from the review, such as considering spatial–temporal flows, including stakeholders from all social ranges, and using two complementary methods to value ecosystem services. Finally, we provided practical recommendations learned from the application of the proposed framework in a case study.
Electronic supplementary material
The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13280-014-0555-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献110.
Predicting and setting conservation priorities for Bolivian mammals based on biological correlates of the risk of decline
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The recognition that growing proportions of species worldwide are endangered has led to the development of comparative analyses to elucidate why some species are more prone to extinction than others. Understanding factors and patterns of species vulnerability might provide an opportunity to develop proactive conservation strategies. Such comparative analyses are of special concern at national scales because this is the scale at which most conservation initiatives take place. We applied powerful ensemble learning models to test for biological correlates of the risk of decline among the Bolivian mammals to understand species vulnerability at a national scale and to predict the population trend for poorly known species. Risk of decline was nonrandomly distributed: higher proportions of large‐sized taxa were under decline, whereas small‐sized taxa were less vulnerable. Body mass, mode of life (i.e., aquatic, terrestrial, volant), geographic range size, litter size, home range, niche specialization, and reproductive potential were strongly associated with species vulnerability. Moreover, we found interacting and nonlinear effects of key traits on the risk of decline of mammals at a national scale. Our model predicted 35 data‐deficient species in decline on the basis of their biological vulnerability, which should receive more attention in order to prevent their decline. Our results highlight the relevance of comparative analysis at relatively narrow geographical scales, reveal previously unknown factors related to species vulnerability, and offer species‐by‐species outcomes that can be used to identify targets for conservation, especially for insufficiently known species. Predección y Definición de Prioridades de Conservación para Mamíferos de Bolivia con Base en Correlaciones Biológicas del Riesgo de Declinación 相似文献