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121.
Bergmann A Bi Y Chen L Floehr T Henkelmann B Holbach A Hollert H Hu W Kranzioch I Klumpp E Küppers S Norra S Ottermanns R Pfister G Roß-Nickoll M Schäffer A Schleicher N Schmidt B Scholz-Starke B Schramm KW Subklew G Tiehm A Temoka C Wang J Westrich B Wilken RD Wolf A Xiang X Yuan Y 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(4):1341-1344
122.
Morten E. Simonsen Martin B. S?rensen Erik G. S?gaard 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(9):3772-3781
Objective
This work aims to investigate the correlation between the photocatalytic activity determined by methylene blue bleaching (DIN 52980), stearic acid degradation, and degradation of acetone in gas phase.Method
The photocatalytic TiO2 coatings included in this investigation ranged from thin commercially available coatings (ActivTM and BioCleanTM) and ready to use suspensions (Nano-X PK1245) to lab-produced PVD and sol?Cgel coatings. XRD analysis of the photocatalytic coatings showed that all the coatings consisted of nanocrystalline anatase, although the thickness and porosity varied considerably.Results
The study showed that the reproducibility of the activity measurements was good. However, more importantly, the investigation showed that there is a good correlation between the activities determined by the different methods even though the characteristics of the photocatalytic coatings and the organic probe molecules varied considerably.Conclusion
The overall findings of this work suggest that there is a good correlation between the investigated methods. These results are promising for the future work concerning standardization of methods for determination of the activity of photocatalytic films. 相似文献123.
Navarro-Ortega A Acuña V Batalla RJ Blasco J Conde C Elorza FJ Elosegi A Francés F La-Roca F Muñoz I Petrovic M Picó Y Sabater S Sanchez-Vila X Schuhmacher M Barceló D 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(4):918-933
Introduction
The Consolider-Ingenio 2010 project SCARCE, with the full title ??Assessing and predicting effects on water quantity and quality in Iberian Rivers caused by global change?? aims to examine and predict the relevance of global change on water availability, water quality, and ecosystem services in Mediterranean river basins of the Iberian Peninsula, as well as their socio-economic impacts. Starting in December 2009, it brought together a multidisciplinary team of 11 partner Spanish institutions, as well as the active involvement of water authorities, river basin managers, and other relevant agents as stakeholders.Methods
The study areas are the Llobregat, Ebro, Jucar, and Guadalquivir river basins. These basins have been included in previous studies and projects, the majority of whom considered some of the aspects included in SCARCE but individually. Historical data will be used as a starting point of the project but also to obtain longer time series. The main added value of SCARCE project is the inclusion of scientific disciplines ranging from hydrology, geomorphology, ecology, chemistry, and ecotoxicology, to engineering, modeling, and economy, in an unprecedented effort in the Mediterranean area. The project performs data mining, field, and lab research as well as modeling and upscaling of the findings to apply them to the entire river basin.Results
Scales ranging from the laboratory to river basins are addressed with the potential to help improve river basin management. The project emphasizes, thus, linking basic research and management practices in a single framework. In fact, one of the main objectives of SCARCE is to act as a bridge between the scientific and the management and to transform research results on management keys and tools for improving the River Basin Management Plans. Here, we outline the general structure of the project and the activities conducted within the ten Work Packages of SCARCE. 相似文献124.
Adu-Kumi S Kareš R Literák J Borůvková J Yeboah PO Carboo D Akoto O Darko G Osae S Klánová J 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(6):1963-1970
Urban, suburban and rural background air samples were collected in southern Ghana in 2008 employing polyurethane foam disc passive air samplers (PAS). PAS were analysed for organochlorine pesticides (OCPs), namely hexachlorocyclohexanes (α-, β-, γ- and δ-hexachlorocyclohexane), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane including metabolites (o,p'- and p,p'-DDT, DDE and DDD), hexachlorobenzene, pentachlorobenzene, aldrin, dieldrin, endrins (endrin, endrin aldehyde and endrin ketone), isodrin, heptachlors (heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide A and heptachlor epoxide B), chlordanes (α-, β-chlordane, oxychlordane and trans-nonachlor), endosulfans (α- and β-endosulfan and endosulfan sulphate), methoxychlor and mirex using a gas chromatograph coupled to a mass spectrometer. The levels of OCPs ranged for the individual pesticides from below limit of quantification to 750 pg m(-3) (for α-endosulfan), and current agricultural application seemed to be the main primary source of most abundant pesticides. Re-volatilization of previously used pesticides from contaminated soils could not be ruled out either as potential secondary source of contamination, especially in warm and dry seasons and periods of intensive agricultural activities. Higher atmospheric concentrations were observed in November and December during the dry season compared to lower concentrations observed in June, July and August when the country experiences heavy rains. The highest seasonal variation was observed for currently used pesticides as α-endosulfan. A p,p'-DDT/p,p'-DDE ratio suggested recent inputs of fresh technical DDT. 相似文献
125.
O Mikeš P Cupr L Kohút A Krsková M Cerná 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(6):1936-1943
Background, aim and scope
The breast milk has been recommended to carry out as a monitoring tool for effectiveness evaluation of the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs). Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloro-ethane (DDT) and its metabolites (DDX), hexachlorbenzene (HCB) and isomers of hexachlocyklohexane (HCHs) have been monitored in the breast milk of nursing mothers in the Czech Republic since 1994 as a part of The Environmental Health Monitoring System. Knowledge about long-term POPs distribution and accumulation in the human body is crucial to understanding uptake, degradation and subsequent effects as well as to conduct risk assessments. The main aim of this study is to evaluate 15-years long-term trends of selected POPs in human milk in the Czech Republic and to elucidate the questionnaire information about the age, parity and social habits, to the final concentrations. This effectiveness evaluation of POPs restriction is quite precisely after 15-years monitoring campaigns.Materials, methods and results
The human milk samples (4,753 samples) were analysed for a number of chlorinated organic chemicals including PCBs and selected chlorinated pesticides (OCPs, HCB, HCHs, DDX). The relative change of concentration per year for all chemicals was analysed. The remaining percentages of POPs in breast milk in comparison to 1994 are also expressed. Czech population half-lives of POPs in breast milk, derived from either linear or exponential models were computed.Conclusions and perspectives
The long-term data indicates a continuation of a decreasing trend of POPs concentrations on breast milk. Our study did not confirm lactation and parity as an important outflux resulting in the decrease in concentrations in mothers, which is in the antagonism with most of the studies. The higher BMI was associated with higher amounts of HCB and lower amounts of higher chlorinated PCBs. The results confirm the effectiveness of restrictions of POPs usage in the Czech Republic. This ongoing long-term study is very useful tool for parametric effectiveness evaluation of Stockholm Convention. 相似文献126.
Kauppi S Romantschuk M Strömmer R Sinkkonen A 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(1):53-63
Purpose
Prevalence of organic pollutants or their natural analogs in soil is often assumed to lead to adaptation in the bacterial community, which results in enhanced bioremediation if the soil is later contaminated. In this study, the effects of soil type and contamination history on diesel oil degradation and bacterial adaptation were studied. 相似文献127.
Hydrogen sulfide adsorption and oxidation by corroding concrete surfaces at different air-flows were quantified using a pilot-scale sewer reactor. The setup was installed in an underground sewer research station with direct access to wastewater. Hydrogen sulfide gas was injected into the headspace of the sewer reactor once per hour in peak concentrations of approximately 500 ppmv. The investigated range of sewer air-flows was representative for natural ventilated sewer systems, and covered both laminar and turbulent conditions. The experiments demonstrated a significant effect of sewer air-flow on the kinetics of hydrogen sulfide removal from the sewer headspace. From the lowest to the highest air-flow investigated, the rate of adsorption and oxidation increased more than threefold. At all air-flows, the reaction kinetics followed a simple n-th order rate equation with a reaction order of 0.8. The effect of air-flow on hydrogen sulfide adsorption and oxidation kinetics was quantified by a simple empirical equation. 相似文献
128.
Shamik Chowdhury Sagnik Chakraborty Papita Das Saha 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(3):1698-1705
The adsorption of crystal violet from aqueous solution by NaOH-modified rice husk was investigated in a laboratory-scale fixed-bed column. A two-level three factor (23) full factorial central composite design with the help of Design Expert Version 7.1.6 (Stat Ease, USA) was used for optimisation of the dynamic dye adsorption process and evaluation of interaction effects of different operating parameters: initial dye concentration (100–200 mg L?1), flow rate (10–30 mL min?1) and bed height (5–25 cm). A correlation coefficient (R 2) value of 0.999, model F value of 1,936.59 and its low p value (<0.0001) along with lower value of coefficient of variation (1.38 %) indicated the fitness of the response surface quadratic model developed during the present study. Numerical optimisation applying desirability function was used to identify the optimum conditions for a targeted breakthrough time of 12 h. The optimum conditions were found to be initial solution pH?=?8.00, initial dye concentration?=?100 mg L?1, flow rate?=?22.88 mL min?1 and bed height?=?18.75 cm. A confirmatory experiment was performed to evaluate the accuracy of the optimised procedure. Under the optimised conditions, breakthrough appeared after 12.2 h and the column efficiency was determined as 99 %. The Thomas model showed excellent fit to the dynamic dye adsorption data obtained from the confirmatory experiment. Thereby, it was concluded that the current investigation gives valuable insights for designing and establishing a continuous wastewater treatment plant. 相似文献
129.
Organic Farming Benefits Local Plant Diversity in Vineyard Farms Located in Intensive Agricultural Landscapes 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The majority of research on organic farming has considered arable and grassland farming systems in Central and Northern Europe,
whilst only a few studies have been carried out in Mediterranean agro-systems, such as vineyards, despite their economic importance.
The main aim of the study was to test whether organic farming enhances local plant species richness in both crop and non-crop
areas of vineyard farms located in intensive conventional landscapes. Nine conventional and nine organic farms were selected
in an intensively cultivated region (i.e. no gradient in landscape composition) in northern Italy. In each farm, vascular
plants were sampled in one vineyard and in two non-crop linear habitats, grass strips and hedgerows, adjacent to vineyards
and therefore potentially influenced by farming. We used linear mixed models to test the effect of farming, and species longevity
(annual vs. perennial) separately for the three habitat types. In our intensive agricultural landscapes organic farming promoted
local plant species richness in vineyard fields, and grassland strips while we found no effect for linear hedgerows. Differences
in species richness were not associated to differences in species composition, indicating that similar plant communities were
hosted in vineyard farms independently of the management type. This negative effect of conventional farming was probably due
to the use of herbicides, while mechanical operations and mowing regime did not differ between organic and conventional farms.
In grassland strips, and only marginally in vineyards, we found that the positive effect of organic farming was more pronounced
for perennial than annual species. 相似文献
130.
In many regions of the world, fires are primarily of anthropogenic origin. In northwestern Patagonia, the number of fires
is not correlated with meteorological variables, but is concentrated in urban areas. This study was conducted in the wildland–urban
interface (WUI) area of San Carlos de Bariloche (Patagonia, Argentina), within the Nahuel Huapi National Park. WUI fires are
particularly problematic because, besides people and goods, they represent a danger to protected areas. We studied the relationship
between fire records and socioeconomic indicators within the WUI of San Carlos de Bariloche. We conducted a Multiple Correspondence
Factorial Analysis and an Ascendant Hierarchical Classification of the city neighborhoods. The results show that the neighborhoods
in Bariloche can be divided into three classes: High Socioeconomic Fire Risk neighborhoods, including neighborhoods with the
highest fire rates, where people have low instruction level, high levels of unsatisfied basic needs and high unemployment
levels; Low Socioeconomic Fire Risk neighborhoods, that groups neighborhoods which present the opposite characterization,
and Moderate Socioeconomic Fire Risk neighborhoods, which are more heterogeneous. Once neighborhoods were classified, a Socioeconomic
Fire Risk map was generated, supplementing the existing WUI Fire Danger map. Our results emphasize the relevance of socioeconomic
variables to fire policies. 相似文献