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101.
102.
R. Herrmann R. Stottlemyer J. C. Zak R. L. Edmonds H. Van Miegroet 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2000,36(2):337-346
ABSTRACT: Federal parks and other public lands have unique mandates and rules regulating their use and conservation. Because of variation in their response to local, regional, and global‐scale disturbance, development of mitigation strategies requires substantial research in the context of long‐term inventory and monitoring. In 1982, the National Park Service began long‐term, watershed‐level studies in a series of national parks. The objective was to provide a more comprehensive database against which the effects of global change and other issues could be quantified. A subset of five sites in North Carolina, Texas, Washington, Michigan, and Alaska, is examined here. During the last 50 years, temperatures have declined at the southern sites and increased at the northern sites with the greatest increase in Alaska. Only the most southern site has shown an increase in precipitation amount. The net effect of these trends, especially for the most northern and southern sites, would likely be an increase in the growing season and especially the time soil processes could continue without moisture or temperature limitations. During the last 18 years, there were few trends in atmospheric ion inputs. The most evident was the decline in SO42 deposition. There were no significant relationships between ion input and stream water output. This finding suggests other factors as modification of precipitation or canopy throughfall by soil processes, hydrologic flow path, and snowmelt rates are major processes regulating stream water chemical outputs. 相似文献
103.
Comparison of Two Spatial Optimization Techniques: A Framework to Solve Multiobjective Land Use Distribution Problems 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Burghard Christian Meyer Jean-Marie Lescot Ramon Laplana 《Environmental management》2009,43(2):264-281
Two spatial optimization approaches, developed from the opposing perspectives of ecological economics and landscape planning
and aimed at the definition of new distributions of farming systems and of land use elements, are compared and integrated
into a general framework. The first approach, applied to a small river catchment in southwestern France, uses SWAT (Soil and
Water Assessment Tool) and a weighted goal programming model in combination with a geographical information system (GIS) for
the determination of optimal farming system patterns, based on selected objective functions to minimize deviations from the
goals of reducing nitrogen and maintaining income. The second approach, demonstrated in a suburban landscape near Leipzig,
Germany, defines a GIS-based predictive habitat model for the search of unfragmented regions suitable for hare populations
(Lepus europaeus), followed by compromise optimization with the aim of planning a new habitat structure distribution for the hare. The multifunctional
problem is solved by the integration of the three landscape functions (“production of cereals,” “resistance to soil erosion
by water,” and “landscape water retention”). Through the comparison, we propose a framework for the definition of optimal
land use patterns based on optimization techniques. The framework includes the main aspects to solve land use distribution
problems with the aim of finding the optimal or best land use decisions. It integrates indicators, goals of spatial developments
and stakeholders, including weighting, and model tools for the prediction of objective functions and risk assessments. Methodological
limits of the uncertainty of data and model outcomes are stressed. The framework clarifies the use of optimization techniques
in spatial planning. 相似文献
104.
Jean-Marie Herrmann 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2012,19(9):3655-3665
Introduction
This article recalls and demonstrates that heterogeneous photocatalysis belongs to heterogeneous catalysis according to its initial history. There are criteria, which have to be imperatively taken into account to deal with true (photo-)catalytic reactions. The photocatalytic activity, chosen as the reaction rate, is governed by five physical parameters (mass of catalyst, wavelength, initial concentrations (or pressures) of the reactants, temperature (around room temperature), and radiant flux).Discussion
Once performed in optimal conditions, the reaction has to be characterized with (a) its quantum yield <QY> (ratio of the reaction rate to the incident photon flux), (b) the turnover number <TON> (number of molecules converted per active site during a given time), and (c) the turnover frequency <TOF> (<TON> per second). The true catalytic nature demands that the conversion provides a number of converted molecules higher than the ??stoichiometric threshold?? defined as the number of the active sites initially present on the catalyst, i.e., that <TON> be much greater than 1, and possibly than at least two or three orders of magnitude. Eventually, a complete mass balance determination should be established for all elements. It is shown that the main reaction intermediates are radicals. All these concepts and principles are illustrated by various examples (selective mild oxidation reactions, water pollutants elimination, and air purification), leading to a list of recommendations for performing really true catalytic reactions. 相似文献105.
Smaeil Mousavi Sebastian Thiede Wen Li Christoph Herrmann 《International Journal of Sustainable Engineering》2016,9(1):11-24
The rising energy prices and increasingly imposing regulations have drawn attention for improving the energy efficiency of manufacturing processes. Over the past decade, different approaches have been developed to target from individual unit processes to entire manufacturing systems. However, each model or approach has limitations in terms of the efficiency improvement. Thus, an integrated approach is proposed to overcome these limitations combining unit process energy consumption models with production system simulation. The outcome potentially leads to a more energy-efficient production and process planning, which considers the dynamics of individual processes as well as the entire system. Two case studies are presented to demonstrate the approach and its benefits. 相似文献
106.
Ingelido AM Ballard T Dellatte E di Domenico A Ferri F Fulgenzi AR Herrmann T Iacovella N Miniero R Päpke O Porpora MG De Felip E 《Chemosphere》2007,67(9):S301-S306
The levels of selected polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) were measured in human milk samples from the areas of Venice and Rome, primarily in order to characterize the current levels of infant exposure to PCBs and PBDEs due to breast feeding in Italy. Sixteen non-dioxin-like PCBs, including the traditional indicator congeners, and 11 PBDEs, comprising the relevant PBDE-47, PBDE-99, and PBDE-153, were determined. Congeners were selected for analysis according to their relative abundance in human tissues, toxicological relevance, and diffusion in the environment. Dietary habits of the milk donors were recorded by questionnaires; mothers of the Venice area were classified into three groups according to their consumption of local fish, molluscs, and other fishery products. Sigma(16)(PCBs) and Sigma(11)(PBDEs) (ng g(-1) fat) for the areas of Venice and Rome were respectively, 250-390 and 240, and 1.6-2.8 and 4.1. An increase of fish and fishery product consumption could not be associated with an increase of PCB and PBDE levels in milk. 相似文献
107.
Rapinski Michel Payette Fanny Sonnentag Oliver Herrmann Thora Martina Royer Marie-Jeanne S. Cuerrier Alain Siegwart Collier Laura Hermanutz Luise Guanish George 《Regional Environmental Change》2018,18(1):189-203
Regional Environmental Change - For Inuit and Naskapi living in the eastern Canadian Subarctic, local meteorological and environmental conditions (e.g., snow and ice cover extent, thickness, and... 相似文献
108.
Ana Teresa Juarez-Facio Clément Castill Cécile Corbière Hélène Lavanant Carlos Afonso Christophe Morin Nadine Merlet-Machour Laurence Chevalier Jean-Marie Vaugeois Jérôme Yon Christelle Monteil 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(3):104-117
Ultrafine particles represent a growing concern in the public health community but their precise role in many illnesses is still unknown. This lack of knowledge is related to the experimental difficulty in linking their biological effects to their multiple properties, which are important determinants of toxicity. Our aim is to propose an interdisciplinary approach to study fine(FP) and ultrafine(UFP) particles, generated in a controlled manner using a mini CAST(Combustion Aerosol Standard) soot ... 相似文献
109.
M. Gallus R. Ciuraru F. Mothes V. Akylas F. Barmpas A. Beeldens F. Bernard E. Boonen A. Boréave M. Cazaunau N. Charbonnel H. Chen V. Daële Y. Dupart C. Gaimoz B. Grosselin H. Herrmann S. Ifang R. Kurtenbach M. Maille I. Marjanovic V. Michoud A. Mellouki K. Miet N. Moussiopoulos L. Poulain P. Zapf C. George J. F. Doussin J. Kleffmann 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2015,22(22):18185-18196
110.
The mitigation of the consequences of storage-tank fire is a great safety concern in petro-chemical and gas industries. A technique to protect the integrity of neighbouring structures is the water spray curtain. It can be operating downward in front of or oriented to the surface to be shielded. Simple modelling, laboratory experiments and field tests for these two types of thermal shielding are presented.
Attenuation factor of 50–75% can be expected with the vertical curtain while 90% can be reached with the impinging curtain if spray overlapping is achieved. 相似文献