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排序方式: 共有258条查询结果,搜索用时 109 毫秒
111.
T. Tønnesen N. Horn F. Søndergaard O. A. Jensen A.-M. Gerdes S. Girard E. Damsgaard 《黑龙江环境通报》1987,7(7):497-509
We have performed 28 first trimester diagnoses for Menkes disease in 27 high risk pregnancies by direct copper measurement on chorionic villi (c.v.) Two male fetuses were found to be affected because of significantly increased copper content. In one male fetus a slightly increased copper content was observed indicating an exogenous copper contamination of the sample. This view was supported by normal results observed after abortion. Three out of 15 diagnostic c.v. samples with a female karyotype showed increased copper levels. In two of these cases, part of the copper content might have been released from the cannulae used for these particular biopsies. Histochemical visualization of copper accumulation in fixed chorionic villi of two affected fetuses and one female fetus was observed. [64Cu]-uptake studies have been performed on 11 diagnostic and 10 control c.v. samples. As the control samples in some cases were found to incorporate more [64Cu] than the corresponding diagnostic sample, this method cannot at present be used for diagnosis. Compiled results on newborn females gave evidence that two carriers expressed the paternal X-chromosome, and two carriers expressed the maternal X-chromosome in chorionic villi. 相似文献
112.
A method for immunological detection of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and cholinesterase (ChE) in amniotic fluid is described. By addition of a small amount of antihuman-erythrocyte membrane antibody or anti-pseudocholinesterase antibody to the sample before electrophoresis the two esterase bands on polyacrylamide gel (PAG) can be absorbed away. Similar staining results can also be obtained by specific inhibition of the two esterases with either BW 284C51 (AChE inhibitor) or Lysivane (ChE inhibitor). In cases with a faint AChE band and in cases with blood contamination the immune absorption technique makes interpretation easier. Nearly identical staining results have been obtained by the immune absorption technique and the inhibition technique in the following samples with an AChE band: 34 samples from pregnancies with severe fetal malformation or intrauterine death (2 cases), 4 fetal serum samples, 4 samples of cerebrospinal fluid, 4 samples of fetal erythrolysate and 4 samples of adult erythrolysate. It can be concluded that an antibody prepared against erythrocyte AChE cross-reacts with AChE in cerebrospinal fluid, and that this antibody can be used for demonstration of AChE in amniotic fluid. 相似文献
113.
114.
Veterinary pharmaceutical products such as antibacterial agents and antiparasitics are widely used to control diseases and promote production in the agricultural sector. Exposure of non-target organisms are a likely result of using manure from treated live stocks or from dung dropped on the field by grazing animals. The aim of this study was to determine the toxic threshold levels of three antibacterial agents (tiamulin, olanquindox and metronidazole) and one anthelmintic (ivermectin) to two species of soil dwelling organisms (springtails and enchytraeids), that are often found in bio-solids such as manure or dung. The antibacterial agents were not toxic to adults and effects on reproduction occurred generally above concentrations normally found in soil or dung. The threshold values for toxicity (10% reduced reproduction or EC10 values) were in the range of 61-111 mg kg(-1) dry soil for springtails and 83-722 mg kg(-1) dry soil for enchytraeids. Ivermectin was significantly more toxic with EC10 values of 0.26 mg kg(-1) dry soil for the springtails and 14 mg kg(-1) dry soil for the enchytraeids. A comparison of these results with rough estimates of likely and worse case environmental concentrations indicates a potential risk of ivermectin to non-target species such as springtails and enchytraeids, whereas direct toxic effect of antibacterial agents is very unlikely to occur at environmental realistic concentrations. However, indirect effects of antibacterial agents driven through changes in the food web cannot be abolished at this stage. 相似文献
115.
S. C. Pryor R. J. Barthelmie B. Jensen N. O. Jensen L. L Srensen 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2002,36(39-40)
Summertime nitric acid concentrations over a deciduous forest in the midwestern United States are reported, which range between 0.36 and 3.3 μg m−3. Fluxes to the forest are computed using the relaxed eddy accumulation technique and gradient methods. In accord with previous studies, the results indicate substantial uncertainties in the gradient-based calculations. The relaxed eddy accumulation (REA) derived fluxes are physically reasonable and are shown to be of similar magnitude to dry deposition estimates from gradient sampling. The REA derived mean deposition velocity is approximately 3 cm s−1, which is also comparable to growing season estimates derived by Meyers et al. for a similar deciduous forest. Occasional inverted concentration gradients and fluxes are observed but most are not statistically significant. Data are also presented that indicate substantial through canopy penetration of nitric acid. 相似文献
116.
Lassen C Hansen E Jensen AA Olendrzyński K Kołsut W Zurek J Kargulewicz I Debski B Skośkiewicz J Holtzer M Grochowalski A Brante E Poltimae H Kallaste T Kapturauskas J;Danish Cooperation for Environment in Eastern Europe 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2003,10(1):49-56
The present paper summarises the results of the project: 'Survey of Anthropogenic Sources of Dioxins and Furans in the Baltic Region'. As a part of the project, inventories have been carried out in Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland by applying the toolkit for quantification of dioxin and furan releases developed by UNEP Chemicals. The main route of direct releases to the environment is emission to air. Total emission to air from Poland was estimated at 490 (88-1,300) g I-TEQ/year, whereas the emissions from Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania were estimated as being 14 (2.4-54), 23 (2.6-63) and 17 (2.6-38) g I-TEQ, respectively. In general, the uncertainty on the estimates is very high, and recommendations regarding further development of the inventories have been made, and measures for reducing the releases have been provided. 相似文献
117.
Fish samples from the Baltic, the North Sea and lake Vättern have been found to be contaminated with chlorinated terpenes. These compounds were also present in seal and guillemot from the Baltic at the same concentration - about 10 mg per kg fat - as in their prey, the herring. Chlordane-related compounds were also found in all samples. The most common substances were trans-nonachlor and oxychlordane, but differences could be observed between species. These organochlorine pesticides are not used in Sweden and the probable explanation for their presence in a Swedish lake is air transportation. 相似文献
118.
Previous experimental studies have shown that NAPL will be removed when it is contacted by steam. However, in full-scale operations, steam may not contact the NAPL directly and this is the situation addressed in this study. A two-dimensional intermediate scale sand box experiment was performed where an organic contaminant was emplaced below the water table at the interface between a coarse and a fine sand layer. Steam was injected above the water table and after an initial heating period the contaminant was recovered at the outlet. The experiment was successfully modeled using the numerical code T2VOC and the dominant removal mechanism was identified to be heat conduction induced boiling of the separate phase contaminant. Subsequent numerical modeling showed that this mechanism was insensitive to the porous medium properties and that it could be evaluated by considering only one-dimensional heat conduction. 相似文献
119.
Bror Skytte Jensen 《Journal of contaminant hydrology》1993,13(1-4)
After a short presentation of the relevant thermodynamic theory for solid solutions, the equations used for the computation of mass transfers are presented as well as methods for their solution. Two simple test programs, solusol and solumix, were constructed for the calculation of equilibria involving non-ideal solid solutions, the last taking exsolution processes into account. In another minor program, solidsol, the formation of ideal solid solutions is considered, as well as the simultaneous speciation in the aqueous phase.Based on estimated mass transfers, the experimental evidence in favour of the interpretation of some adsorption phenomena as being due to the formation of “surface solutions” is presented and discussed. 相似文献
120.
Cod (Gadus morhua) were exposed to hypercapnia (water Pco2 = 7.5 mmHg), elevated copper level (0.4 ppm) or a combination of both in order to study extra- and intracellular acid-base
regulation and the influence hereupon of copper. During pure hypercapnia, the extracellular respiratory acidosis was completely
compensated within 12 to 24 h via a chloride-mediated increase in extracellular [HCO3
−]. Exposure to copper in normocapnic seawater caused a large and progressive increase in plasma [Na+] and [Cl−] and a metabolic acidosis. Exposure to copper in hypercapnic seawater was associated with smaller elevations of plasma [Na+] and [Cl−] than in normocapnic seawater, showing that hypercapnia had a protective effect on the copper-induced osmoregulatory disturbances.
The compensation of the hypercapnic acidosis was, however, slow and incomplete in fish exposed to both copper and hypercapnia.
Extracellular pH remained depressed by 0.3 pH units after 72 h. The data reveal that acid-base regulation was immediately
and persistently inhibited by copper. The limited acid-base regulation during combined copper and hypercapnia exposure was
chloride-mediated as during hypercapnia alone. Intracellular pH recovery was complete and very rapid in ventricular and skeletal
muscle tissues during environmental hypercapnia, whereas acid-base compensation in liver tissue was slower, the kinetics being
similar to that in the extracellular compartment. Intracellular pH compensation was significantly slowed down by copper. Copper
concentration increased drastically in gill tissue already at 3 h, while copper concentrations in liver, muscle and plasma
were significantly elevated only after 48 h, with liver showing the largest elevation.
Received: 15 November 1996 / Accepted: 2 December 1996 相似文献