板料拉延成形中应力状态的研究

在采用Hill关于各向异性材料的修正屈服函数,并运用板块分析方法对板料轴对称成形进行数值模拟的基础上,着重分析了拉延成形中悬空区域材料的应力状态,提出了对该区域应力状态过渡点即周向应力为零的应力分界圆进行数值求解的公式及方法,同时对影响该分界圆位置的诸因素进行了细致分析.     

关于山东农村自然资源的条件分析及其合理开发利用对策研究

本文从宏观角度,在分析山东农村自然资源有利条件、不利因素及存在问题基础上,确定了山东农村发展的基本指导思想和步骤,提出了合理开发利用农村自然资源的主要战略对策。     

聚合铝混凝过程研究:不同形态硅酸的影响作用

研究了不同形态硅酸对聚合铝混凝过程的影响作用 .实验结果表明经预制形成的具有不同形态分布组成的硅酸与聚合铝 ,在投加后相互间发生了十分复杂的物理化学作用 ,并受溶液pH值的影响 ,从而最终决定了混凝效果 .反应过程中所生成的形态产物及其物化特征 ,很大程度上取决于聚合铝碱化度以及所投加的Si Al比 .其中碱化度越高 ,最终产物所带电荷越高 .而不同硅酸所起影响作用分别取决于聚合程度 ,在与聚合铝反应过程中表现出一定的规律性 .单体硅酸与单体铝迅速发生较强的络合作用 ,抑制了多聚水解铝阳离子的形成 .聚合硅酸则倾向于与聚合铝形态相互作用形成一定的胶状化合物 ,从而在溶液中稳定存在 .对于胶体硅酸 ,在聚合铝作用下迅速凝聚形成更大的聚集体 ,在颗粒物间架桥形成粗大的絮体 .所得结果对混凝机理的解释与复合混凝剂的发展提供了一定的参考作用     

城市污水处理厂污泥资源化研究探讨

城市污水污泥产量巨大且成分复杂，如何对它进行合理利用已越来越受人们关注，若处置利用不当就不能够充分发挥其消除污染、保护环境的作用，也就明显地削弱了污水处理厂的净化功能。文章系统地综述了城市污泥处置与利用的现状和趋势，指出污泥资源化利用是今后污泥最终处置的根本方式，并就目前研究较多的污泥制作建筑材料、热解制油、制取燃料、堆肥利用、等资源化利用技术及前景进行了分析，为今后污泥的资源化利用提供参考。     

Regression modelling of hourly NOx and NO2 concentrations in urban air in London

Based on hourly measurements of NO_x NO₂ and O₃ and meteorological data, an ordinary least squares (OLS) model and a first-order autocorrelation (AR) model were developed to analyse the regression and prediction of NO_x and NO₂ concentrations in London. Primary emissions and wind speed are the most important factors influencing NO_x concentrations; in addition to these two, reaction of NO with O₃ is also a major factor influencing NO₂ concentrations. The AR model resulted in high correlation coefficients (R > 0.95) for the NO_x and NO₂ regression based on a whole year's data, and is capable of predicting NO₂ (R = 0.83) and NO_x (R = 0.65) concentrations when the explanatory variables were available. The analysis of the structure of regression models by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) indicates that the regression models are stable. The results of the OLS model indicate that there was an exceptional NO₂ source, other than primary emission and reaction of NO with O₃, in the air pollution episode in London in December 1991.     

A/O工艺处理城市生活工业综合污水的耐受性研究

针对目前城市污水处理厂进水水质以生活污水为主转向以难生物处理的工业废水为主的现状,进行了A/O工艺的耐受性试验.结果表明:随着工业废水比例的增加,厌氧、好氧污泥活性都显著下降,厌氧污泥的耐受性较高;随着运行时间的延长,两类污泥的活性逐步得到不同程度的恢复;工业废水比例越高,活性恢复所需时间越长;两类污泥的协同代谢作用保证了出水效果.A/O工艺所能耐受的进水中制药废水、印染废水和生活污水的分配比(体积比)为3∶3∶4.     

超声波技术处理微污染水的实验研究

通过实验,对使用超声波技术处理微污染水的效果、机理进行了初步研究,实验结果表明,超声波对微污染水的细菌和色度去除效果明显,细菌的去除符合一级反应动力学方程,对COD和浊度去除有一定效果,但不显著。结果还发现,水体pH值随时间呈上升趋势。     

焦炉装煤烟尘治理方案的探讨

焦炉装煤烟尘含有害物质，污染环境，危害人体健康。袋式除尘器的使用，消除了烟尘的污染，但因投资大、运行费用高、操作复杂，难以得到快速、广泛的推广。根据实验结果和已有应用情况，本文推荐了三相流化床除尘装置和颗粒层除尘器，它们可用于焦炉装煤烟尘治理，其投资和运行费用会大大降低。     

Prevalence and Bayesian Phylogenetics of Enteroviruses Derived From Environmental Surveillance Around Polio Vaccine Switch Period in Shandong Province,China

Food and Environmental Virology - We present the results of environmental surveillance for poliovirus (PV) and non-poliovirus (NPEV) around the switch from trivalent to bivalent oral polio-vaccine...     

Characterization of submicron particles during autumn in Beijing, China

In this study, we performed a highly time-resolved chemical characterization of nonrefractory submicron particles(NR-PM_1) in Beijing by using an Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer(HR-ToF-AMS). The results showed the average NR-PM_1 mass concentration to be 56.4 ± 58.0 μg/m~3, with a peak at 307.4 μg/m~3. Due to the high frequency of biomass burning in autumn, submicron particles significantly increased in organic content, which accounted for 51% of NR-PM_1 on average. Secondary inorganic aerosols(sulfate + nitrate + ammonium) accounted for 46% of NR-PM_1, of which sulfate,nitrate, and ammonium contributed 15%, 20%, and 11%, respectively. To determine the intrinsic relationships between the organic and inorganic species, we used the positive matrix factorization(PMF) model to merge the high-resolution mass spectra of the organic species and NO+and NO_2~+ions. The PMF analysis separated the mixed organic and nitrate(NO+and NO_2~+) spectra into four organic factors, including hydrocarbon-like organic aerosol(HOA), oxygenated organic aerosol(OOA), cooking organic aerosol(COA), and biomass burning organic aerosol(BBOA), as well as one nitrate inorganic aerosol(NIA) factor. COA(33%) and OOA(30%) contributed the most to the total organic aerosol(OA) mass, followed by BBOA(20%) and HOA(17%). We successfully quantified the mass concentrations of the organic and inorganic nitrates by the NO+and NO2+ions signal in the organic and NIA factors. The organic nitrate mass varied from 0.01-6.8 μg/m~3, with an average of 1.0 ±1.1 μg/m~3, and organic nitrate components accounted for 10% of the total nitrate mass in this observation.