Short-term effects and economic burden assessment of ambient air pollution on hospitalizations for schizophrenia

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The evidence on the health and economic impacts of air pollution with schizophrenia is scarce, especially in developing countries. In this...     

Exploring the embodied carbon flow interactive relationships in China from an ecological network perspective: a model framework and application at provincial level

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Energy-related carbon emissions take a large proportion in China, and the interregional trade caused by provincial disparities has led to significant...     

P204-P507-HCl体系回收废FCC催化剂中稀土的优化

针对废流化催化裂化(FCC)催化剂的资源化利用问题,采用溶剂萃取法从废FCC催化剂中高效回收稀土。对无机酸浸出过程、二(2-乙基己基)磷酸(P204)和2-乙基己基膦酸单2-乙基己基酯(P507)单独萃取稀土过程以及P204-P507复合萃取稀土过程分别进行了研究。结果表明,盐酸为最佳浸出剂,在最佳浸出条件(4 mol·L⁻¹盐酸溶液、浸出时间为4 h、60 ℃、固液比为1∶15)下,Ce和La的浸出率分别为99.7%和97.7%。萃取过程的最佳条件为萃取剂浓度1.5 mol·L⁻¹、浸出液初始pH=2.5,P204和P507对Ce和La的萃取率均较高,而P507对杂质铝的萃取率远低于P204。P204-P507复合萃取体系中P507体积比为0.2时,Ce和La的回收率分别达到80.4%和75.3%,略低于纯P204萃取体系,而杂质铝的回收率小于10.0%。P204-P507复合萃取体系能有效降低回收稀土中杂质铝的萃取量。本研究可为从废FCC催化剂中回收高纯度稀土提供参考。     

简化一维水质模型在突发水污染事故模拟预测中的应用

传统水质模拟预测模型对突发水污染事故事发地的水文、水下地形等资料要求较高,在缺乏相应资料时会影响对水污染事故的可靠预测和预警。为解决问题,亟需建立在应急条件下能快速预测预警的简化水质模型。以传统一维水质模型为基础,通过人工测量河流沿程流速,自动插值获得流场以替代模型中对流场的求解,再求解一维对流扩散方程,以此获得简化的一维水质模拟预测模型。模拟计算结果表明,相对于传统水质模型,简化后一维水质预警模型可快速准确地预测突发水污染事故后污染态势。     

Insight into the dynamic microbial community and core bacteria in composting from different sources by advanced bioinformatics methods

Microbial communities are important for high composting efficiency and good quality composts. This study was conducted to compare the changes of physicochemical and bacterial characteristics in composting from different raw materials, including chicken manure (CM), duck manure (DM), sheep manure (SM), food waste (FW), and vegetable waste (VW). The role and interactions of core bacteria and their contribution to maturity in diverse composts were analyzed by advanced bioinformatics methods combined sequencing with co-occurrence network and structural equation modeling (SEM). Results indicated that there were obviously different bacterial composition and diversity in composting from diverse sources. FW had a low pH and different physiochemical characteristics compared to other composts but they all achieved similar maturity products. Redundancy analysis suggested total organic carbon, phosphorus, and temperature governed the composition of microbial species but key factors were different in diverse composts. Network analysis showed completely different interactions of core bacterial community from diverse composts but Thermobifida was the ubiquitous core bacteria in composting bacterial network. Sphaerobacter and Lactobacillus as core genus were presented in the starting mesophilic and thermophilic phases of composting from manure (CM, DM, SM) and municipal solid waste (FW, VW), respectively. SEM indicated core bacteria had the positive, direct, and the biggest (>?80%) effects on composting maturity. Therefore, this study presents theoretical basis to identify and enhance the core bacteria for improving full-scale composting efficiency facing more and more organic wastes.

     

CdS and Ag synergistically improved the performance of g-C3N4 on visible-light photocatalytic degradation of pollution

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - CdS-AgO@g-C3N4 nanocomposites were successfully synthesized and characterized by XRD, N2 physical adsorption, XPS, SEM, TEM, EDX, and UV–Vis DRS...     

应用地累积指数评价鞍山市夏季PM2.5中元素的污染

2014年夏季在鞍山市的6个站点进行了PM2.5的样品采集,对其载带的15种元素进行了检测。通过地累积指数、相关分析和聚类分析等方法分析了鞍山市夏季PM2.5中15种元素的污染来源。结果表明:Ca、Zn、Pb、Ni和Cd这5种元素的质量分数在各站点之间存在较大的差异;地累积指数结果显示,Cd为极强污染程度,可能的来源是钢铁冶炼和刹车及轮胎磨损,Pb和Zn污染程度在强污染以上,Pb可能的主要人为来源是钢铁冶炼和窖炉煤的燃烧,Zn可能主要来自钢铁冶炼和机动车,Cu、Ni、Cr和Ca中到强污染以下;聚类分析将中度污染及以上元素分为Zn-Cd-Pb,Ni-Cu-Cr和Ca 3类,分别指示钢铁冶炼、机动车尾气及刹车、轮胎磨损,建筑尘;相关性分析显示,Cr与Ni、Cu可能来自同一污染源,Zn、Cd和Pb可能来自同一种源。     

基于压力响应关系法的湖泊营养物基准制定

湖泊富营养化与氮、磷及有机物含量过高密切相关,建立数字型营养物基准能够防止富营养化对水体指定用途造成影响.太湖流域是我国华东地区经济腹地,近年来流域内湖泊水质每况愈下,对其基准研究可为湖泊治理提供依据.详细介绍了压力响应关系法制定湖泊营养物基准的步骤,并将此方法运用到太湖流域营养物基准制定研究中.为满足大多数水体指定用途,研究中将该流域湖泊基本功能确定为娱乐、永生生物栖息地及饮用水,以此构建流域概念模型.选择压力变量为总氮(TN)、总磷(TP)和有机物,响应变量为叶绿素a(chl-a).用非参数分析法和线性回归法分别建立压力-响应模型,通过2种方法相互验证得到TN、TP和CODMn基准分别为0.593、0.067和4.092 mg/L.     

助剂作用下超声浸取电解锰渣

用8-羟基喹啉、黄原酸钾、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵、磷酸三丁酯、柠檬酸5种物质作浸取助剂,考察了助剂作用下超声辅助浸取法从电解锰渣中提取锰的工艺条件。实验结果表明：用1%（质量分数）柠檬酸作浸取助剂,在固液比（g/mL）为1∶4、酸矿比（mL/g）为0.3∶1、浸取温度为70℃的条件下,超声浸取15min,锰浸出率平均可达57.28%,是加热酸浸法锰浸出率的2.72倍,是无助剂超声辅助浸取法锰浸出率的1.52倍。