Hybridization of the natural antibiotic, cinnamic acid, with layered double hydroxides (LDH) as green pesticide

Background, aim, and scope  

Heavy application of highly toxic synthetic pesticides has been committed to protect crops against insects and diseases, which have brought about serious environmental problems. Thus, an inevitable and fundamental issue has been how to protect crops without harmful effects on nature. As a fascinating nature-compatible approach, we have attempted to hybridize soil-compatible layered double hydroxides (LDHs) with natural antibiotic substances. Only a few of natural antibiotic substances are available for pest control mainly because of their inherent properties such as easy degradability, high minimum inhibition concentration for practical application, and often extremely low availability, whereas LDHs exhibit unique properties such as anion exchange capacity, acid lability, and high affinity to ubiquitous carbonate ion which make them an excellent inorganic matrix to carry labile biomolecules in soils. This study focuses on the behavior of cinnamate–LDH hybrid in soils and the evaluation of its potentials as a green pesticide.     

Falcon离心分选机回收废弃电路板金属的灰色模型研究

电子废弃物的资源化既能实现资源的二次利用,又能防止环境污染,具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。论述了Falcon离心分选机分选电路板的机制,并对小于0.5mm废弃电路板中金属富集体进行了分选试验。运用GM(0,N)模型对离心复合力场中回收废弃电路板建立了分选灰色模型,与实际分选结果比较表明,该模型精度很高。该模型可以对离心复合力场中回收废弃电路板金属的分选试验结果进行预测。     

CuO/TiO2-H2O2可见光催化亚甲基蓝脱色效果及影响因素研究

以水解法制备的锐钛矿型TiO2为载体,制备了CuO/TiO2型光催化剂.以亚甲基蓝为对象,在可见光照射下研究了H2O3加入量、pH值和催化剂投加量对脱色效果的影响,同时与改性前的TiO2催化剂进行了脱色效果的对比.结果表明亚甲基蓝在碱性条件下能较好脱色,H2O2用量和CuO/TiO2催化剂投加量分别为每1 000 mL反应液各加入10 mL和0.1 g时脱色最好;另外,TiO2催化剂也在碱性条件下能较好脱色,H2O2用量和催化剂投加量分别为每1 000 mL反应液各加入12.5 mL和0.1 g时脱色最好.最优条件下对比实验表明,CuO/TiO2型催化剂在可见光照射下具有很高的催化活性,亚甲基蓝2 h脱色率达到88%,远好于改性前的TiO2和Degussa P25催化剂.     

Phosphorus concentrations in soil and subsurface water: a field study among cropland and riparian buffers

Riparian buffers can be effective at removing phosphorus (P) in overland flow, but their influence on subsurface P loading is not well known. Phosphorus concentrations in the soil, soil solution, and shallow ground water of 16 paired cropland-buffer plots were characterized during 2004 and 2005. The sites were located at two private dairy farms in Central New York on silt and gravelly silt loams (Aeric Endoaqualfs, Fluvaquentic Endoaquepts, Fluvaquentic Eutrudepts, Glossaquic Hapludalfs, and Glossic Hapludalfs). It was hypothesized that P availability (sodium acetate extractable-P) and soil-landscape variability would affect P release to the soil solution and shallow ground water. Results showed that P availability tended to be greater in crop fields relative to paired buffer plots. Soil P was a good indicator of soil solution dissolved (<0.45 microm) molybdate-reactive P (DRP) concentrations among plots, but was not independently effective at predicting ground water DRP concentrations. Mean ground water DRP in corn fields ranged from < or =20 to 80 microg L(-1), with lower concentrations in hay and buffer plots. More imperfectly drained crop fields and buffers tended to have greater average DRP, particulate (> or =0.45 microm) reactive P (PRP), and dissolved unreactive P (DUP) concentrations in ground water. Soil organic matter and 50-cm depth soil solution DRP in buffers jointly explained 75% of the average buffer ground water DRP variability. Results suggest that buffers were relatively effective at reducing soil solution and shallow ground water DRP concentrations, but their impact on particulate and organic P in ground water was less clear.     

Strategies for sustainable development of industrial park in Ulsan,South Korea—From spontaneous evolution to systematic expansion of industrial symbiosis

The Korea National Cleaner Production Center (KNCPC) affiliated to the Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH) has started a 15 year, 3-phase EIP master plan with the support of Ministry of Commerce, Industry, and Energy (MOCIE). A total of 6 industrial parks, including industrial parks in Ulsan city, known as the industrial capital of South Korea, are planning projects to find the feasibility of shifting existing industrial parks to eco-industrial parks. The basic survey shows that Ulsan industrial complex has been continuously evolving from conventional industrial complexes to eco-industrial parks by spontaneous industrial symbiosis. This paper describes the Korean national policies and the developmental activities of this vision to drive the global trend of innovation for converting the existing industrial parks to eco-industrial parks through inter-industry waste, energy, and material exchange in Ulsan Industrial complexes. In addition, the primary and supportive components of the Ulsan EIP pilot project, which will be implemented for 5 years is elaborated with its schedules and economic benefits.     

低碳经济与清洁发展机制

针对国际社会广泛关注的气候变化和碳减排问题,文章介绍了低碳经济、清洁发展机制以及实现低碳经济的基本途径,量化了河北省碳减排潜力,分析了河北省电力、钢铁两大行业的碳减排途径,最后从项目技术开发因素和项目外部环境因素两方面具体提出了河北省发展低碳经济和清洁发展机制的对策.     

山东省絮凝剂市场需求浅析

随着水污染物排放标准的日益严格,絮凝剂的市场需求逐步增大。本文通过对山东省絮凝剂市场的实际调查,分析了絮凝剂的需求、种类、价格等市场因素,对市场需求进行预测并提出了市场营销建议。     

Cement paste column for simultaneous removal of fluoride, phosphate, and nitrate in acidic wastewater

Cement paste, a cured mixture of cement and water, was reported to have considerable capacity for fluoride removal. In this study, heavily mixed fluoric acid wastewater from a semiconductor fabrication plant was applied to a column packed with cement paste granules to evaluate its capacity for the removal of fluoride and three other contaminants, phosphate, nitrate, and sulfate, as well as to investigate the interactions between these contaminants and cement components. The column reduced fluoride to remarkably low levels since fluorite was formed at highly elevated concentrations of calcium and the residual fluoride was further sorbed into the amorphous calcium phosphate that precipitated the entire amount of phosphate until breakthrough. The simultaneous removal of sulfate in the earlier stage was followed by significant removal of nitrate in exchange with the gradual release of sulfate. This behavior was explained by the co-precipitation of sulfate with calcium phosphate or calcium aluminate solids and the subsequent substitution of nitrate for the interlayer sulfate of monosulfate. However, the overall removal capacity of cement paste was reduced due to the high effluent loss of calcium and competition for calcium between fluoride and phosphate.     

Catalytic reduction of sulfur dioxide with carbon monoxide over tin dioxide for direct sulfur recovery process

SO(2) reduction by CO over SnO(2) catalyst was studied in this work. The parameters were the reaction temperature, space velocity (GHSV) and [CO]/[SO(2)] molar ratio. The optimal temperature, GHSV and [CO]/[SO(2)] molar ratio were 550 degrees C, 8000 h(-1) and 2.0, respectively. Under these conditions, the SO(2) conversion and sulfur selectivity were about 78% and 68%, respectively. The following reaction pathway involving two mechanisms was proposed in SO(2) reduction by CO over SnO(2) catalyst: in the first step involving Redox mechanism, the elemental sulfur was produced by the mobility of the lattice oxygen between SO(2) and SnO(2) surface. In the second step, COS was formed by the side reaction between elemental sulfur and CO or metal sulfide and CO. In the third step involving COS intermediate mechanism, the abundant elemental sulfur was produced by the SO(2) reduction by COS which was produced in the second step and was more effective reducing agent than CO.     

Development of human dermal epithelial cell-based bioassay for the dioxins

None of bioassays is complete for assessing biological impact in humans upon the xenobiotic exposure due to species and organ-specific responsiveness. Thus, it is speculated that the human cell-based bioassay may be more appropriate system because of its direct relevance to humans. Here, we have developed a human epidermal cell-based bioassay for the dioxins and related compounds. The AD12-SV40-immortalized human keratinocyte cell line was stably transfected with a recombinant expression vector which contains the luciferase gene under dioxin-inducible control of four DREs. The tansfectants showed a consistent dose-response of luciferase activity upon dioxin exposure even after 120 passages. The maximal half effective dose (EC50) was 200 pM with a maximum of 32-fold induction of luciferase activity at 5 nM. The minimum detection limit was 10 pM. Optimal exposure time for the assay was 24h. When cells were treated with aryl hydrocarbon receptor agonists of different toxic equivalent factor (TEF) values, the shape of the dose-response curve for each compound was parallel to that of TCDD and the maximum response was similar, indicating that this bioassay system can be applied to generate the total toxic equivalency (TEQ) estimate from the samples. When relative induction potency of luciferase activities for each compound was calculated, it was similar to WHO-TEF values within an order of magnitude. This human cell system can be used as an efficient screening tool to quantify the TEQ values of dioxin-like chemicals in the samples and may help understand the interspecies difference between humans and animals.