Triple-objective optimal sizing based on dynamic strategy for an islanded hybrid energy microgrid

A triple-objective optimal sizing method based on a dynamic strategy is presented for an islanded hybrid energy microgrid, consisting of wind turbine, solar photovoltaic, battery energy storage system and diesel generator. The dynamic strategy is given based on a dynamic complementary coordination between two different master-slave control modes for maximum renewable energy utilization. Combined with the proposed strategy, NSGA-II-based optimization program is applied to the sizing optimization problem with triple different objectives including the minimization of annualized system cost, the minimization of loss of power supply probability and the maximization of utilization ratio of renewable energy generation. The sizing results and the proposed strategy are both compared and analyzed to validate the proposed method in a real case of an islanded hybrid energy microgrid on Dong’ao Island, China.     

PCBs降解菌的筛选及其降解特性研究

采用富集培养的方法从多氯联苯(PCBs)污染土壤中筛选到1株高效降解PCBs的细菌,命名为PS-11.经16S rDNA初步鉴定,此菌株属于嗜麦芽寡养单胞菌(Stenotrophomonas maltophilia).结果表明,菌株PS-11能够以PCBs作为唯一碳源生长并且能够降解PCBs,菌株PS-11对2 mg.L-1PCB52 4 d的降解率为31.1%,7 d的降解率可达52.9%;对难降解的高氯代多氯联苯PCB153 7 d的降解率为10.9%.此外,该菌株的环境耐受性比较好,在30℃、pH为7～9、PCB52浓度为2～10 mg.L-1的条件下生长较快、降解效果较好,尤其在pH 7、PCB52浓度为2 mg.L-1时降解率最高;碳源种类不同,菌株PS-11的生长能力也不同,其中在以蔗糖为碳源时PS-11的生长能力最强,以葡萄糖为碳源时PS-11的适应期最短,且蔗糖、葡萄糖和Tween-80均可提高PS-11对PCB52的降解率;同时菌株PS-11还可耐受一定浓度的重金属,其耐受性大小为Pb2+>Cd2+>Zn2+>Cu2+.     

电石渣热电厂烟气脱硫的实用初探

国内外电厂脱硫成熟技术很多,但对国内热电厂而言,都存在着投资大、运行成本高等问题。本文探索开发了高效电石渣脱硫工艺。实践证明,改用电石渣作为脱硫再生荆,既能适合企业自身特点,达到投资省、运行成本低,脱硫效率高的目标。同时又解决了乙炔气厂电石渣的处置难题。是资源性环境保护的成功尝试,是以废治废的具体体现。     

钢铁企业工艺节水的技术途径研究

水资源短缺是中国钢铁企业发展的瓶颈,大力推广节水技术对促进企业的可持续发展具有积极意义。针对中国钢铁企业生产工艺与设备普遍落后、用水量大、水循环回用率低、水资源严重浪费的用水现状,从开发利用非常规水源、推广节水型工艺技术、强化串级用水和循环用水、废水处理技术等几方面探讨了钢铁企业工艺节水的技术途径,并对钢铁企业节水工作提出了几点建议。     

太原汾河景区浮游植物群落结构及其与环境因子关系分析

为了探究太原汾河景区水体浮游植物群落结构特征及水质状况,对浮游植物的种类组成、生物量及其与环境理化因子的相关性进行监测.在2014年丰水期6~10月对汾河太原景区从上游到下游设置9个采样点进行定期采样调查.分析结果表明,太原汾河景区水体中浮游植物主要为蓝藻门、绿藻门、硅藻门植物,其中蓝藻植物数量最多,其次为绿藻和硅藻.在丰水期浮游植物细胞密度呈现先上升后下降现象,7月达到最高.采样点间也存在较大差异,位于汾河景区中下游的3个样点浮游植物数量最多.浮游植物生物量与环境理化因子的关系通过冗余分析(RDA)进行整体排序,结果表明浮游植物总细胞密度与溶解氧呈显著正相关,与化学需氧量呈显著负相关.硅藻细胞密度与水温、气温呈极显著正相关,与化学需氧量呈极显著负相关.各种环境因子的作用在不同时期的表现不同.综合营养状态指数分析,太原汾河景区水体中总氮在整个时空范围内超标,处于轻度到中度富营养水平状态.     

内蒙古高原干涸湖泊反硝化及甲烷氧化细菌的群落分析

以内蒙古高原半干旱草原区干涸湖泊为研究对象,应用末端限制性片段长度多态性(T-RFLP)技术对湿地土壤中的反硝化和甲烷氧化关联菌群的关键功能基因nosZ和pmoA进行了研究,根据末端限制性片段(T-RFs)分析了两种菌群的群落结构及多样性变化,以及环境因素所产生的影响,并探讨了土壤微生物群落对湖泊干涸的响应机制.结果表明:干涸湖泊的湖心、湖底土壤反硝化和甲烷氧化细菌多样性指数较高,群落结构较复杂;而较早干涸的湖坡以及相邻草原对照区,两个菌群多样性指数较低,群落结构相对单一.从湖心到相邻草原,反硝化和甲烷氧化细菌的群落相似度逐渐降低,显示两个菌群处于动态演替中.湖泊干涸过程中,水分含量和有机质含量对反硝化和甲烷氧化细菌的群落结构影响显著;高pH值和高铵态氮分别对反硝化和甲烷氧化细菌有抑制作用.随着湖泊干涸,土壤微生物群落因环境扰动而受到胁迫,这一过程会加剧CO2等温室气体的排放.     

炼化污水处理过程中存在问题及应对措施

对炼油、化工废水治理生产实践进行研究与探讨，提出应对高浓度混合污水的处理方法，对各种影响治理的因素有针对性地采取应对措施，提高了污水处理抗冲击能力和治理效果，对实现长周期平稳运行具有积极意义。     

微波技术处理试油废液的实验研究

试油废液具有黏度高、COD高、色度深、气味恶臭等特点,常规技术工艺复杂、处理时间长、成本高。微波技术具有加热、诱导催化、辅助絮凝等优势,能产生物理、化学和生物效应。微波应用于试油废液处理可大大提高处理效率,实验表明:应用微波处理试油废液絮凝剂加量减少25%,处理时间仅为常规工艺的1/3,微波作用使COD去除率由常规Fenton氧化的50%提高到80%,反应时间由30min缩短到10min,pH值在3～6之间、FeSO4.·7H2O加量0.15g、活性炭加量2g、H2O2加量2g,COD值可降至100mg/L以下。     

Competing pathways of cresol formation in toluene photooxidation: OH-toluene adducts react with NO2 or with O2?

Methyl-hydroxy-cyclohexadienyl radicals (OTAs) are the key products of the photooxidation of toluene, with implications for the fate of toluene. Hence, we investigated the photooxidation mechanisms and kinetics of three main OTAs (o-OTA, m-OTA, and p-OTA) with NO₂ using quantum chemical calculations as well as the fate of OTAs under the different concentration ratios of NO₂ and O₂. The mechanism results show that the pathway of H-abstraction by NO₂ to anti-HONO (anti-H-abstraction) is more favorable than the syn-H-abstraction pathway, because the strong interaction between OTAs and NO₂ is formed in the transition states of the anti-H-abstraction pathways. The branching ratios of the anti-H-abstraction pathways are more than 99% in the temperature range of 216−298 K. The total rate constant of the OTA-NO₂ reaction is 9.9 × 10⁻¹² cm³/(molecule∙sec) at 298 K, which is contributed about 90% by o-OTA + NO₂, and the main products are o-cresol and anti-HONO. The half-lives of the OTA-NO₂ reaction in some polluted areas of China are 35 times longer than those of the OTA-O₂ reaction. In the atmosphere, the NO₂- and O₂- initiated reactions of OTAs have the same ability to form cresols as [NO₂] is up to 142.1 ppmV, which is impossible to achieve. It implies that under the experimental condition, the [NO₂]/[O₂] should be controlled to be less than 7.8 × 10⁻⁵ to simulate real atmospheric oxidation of toluene. Our results reveal that for the photooxidation of toluene, the yield of cresol is not affected by the concentration of NO₂ under the atmospheric environment.