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991.
992.
993.
MiSeon Lee GeunAe Park MinJi Park JongYoon Park JiWan Lee SeongJoon Kim 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2010,22(6):826-833
This study evaluated the reduction e ect of non-point source pollution by applying best management practices (BMPs) to a 1.21 km2
small agricultural watershed using a SWAT (Soil andWater Assessment Tool) model. Two meter QuickBird land use data were prepared
for the watershed. The SWAT was calibrated and validated using daily streamflow and monthly water quality (total phosphorus (TP),
total nitrogen (TN), and suspended solids (SS)) records from 1999 to 2000 and from 2001 to 2002. The average Nash and Sutcli e
model e ciency was 0.63 for the streamflow and the coe cients of determination were 0.88, 0.72, and 0.68 for SS, TN, and TP,
respectively. Four BMP scenarios viz. the application of vegetation filter strip and riparian bu er system, the regulation of Universal
Soil Loss Equation P factor, and the fertilizing control amount for crops were applied and analyzed. 相似文献
994.
Effects of a dynamic membrane formed with polyethylene glycol on the ultrafiltration of natural organic matter 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Boksoon Kwon Noeon Park Jaeweon Cho 《Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering in China》2010,4(2):172-182
The formation of a dynamic membrane (DM) was investigated using polyethylene glycol (PEG) (molecular weight of 35000 g/mol,
concentration of 1 g/L). Two natural organic matters (NOM), Dongbok Lake NOM (DLNOM) and Suwannee River NOM (SRNOM) were used
in the ultrafiltration experiments along with PEG. To evaluate the effects of the DM with PEG on ultrafiltration, various
transport experiments were conducted, and the analyses of the NOM in the membrane feed and permeate were performed using high
performance size exclusion chromatography, and the effective pore size distribution (effective PSD) and effective molecular weight cut off (effective MWCO) were determined. The advantages of DM formed with PEG can be summarized as follows: (1) PEG interferes with NOM transmission
through the ultrafiltration membrane pores by increasing the retention coefficient of NOM in UF membranes, and (2) low removal
of NOM by the DM is affected by external factors, such as pressure increases during UF membrane filtration, which decreases
the effective PSD and effective MWCO of UF membranes. However, a disadvantage of the DM with PEG was severe flux decline; thus, one must be mindful of both
the positive and negative influences of the DM when optimizing the UF performance of the membrane. 相似文献
996.
The fractal dimensions in di erent topological spaces of polyferric chloride-humic acid (PFC-HA) flocs, formed in flocculating
di erent kinds of humic acids (HA) water at di erent initial pH (9.0, 7.0, 5.0) and PFC dosages, were calculated by e ective densitymaximum
diameter, image analysis, and N2 absorption-desorption methods, respectively. The mass fractal dimensions (Df) of PFC-HA
flocs were calculated by bi-logarithm relation of e ective density with maximum diameter and Logan empirical equation. The Df value
was more than 2.0 at initial pH of 7.0, which was 11% and 13% higher than those at pH 9.0 and 5.0, respecively, indicating the most
compact flocs formed in flocculated HA water at initial pH of 7.0. The image analysis for those flocs indicates that after flocculating
the HA water at initial pH greater than 7.0 with PFC flocculant, the fractal dimensions of D2 (logA vs. logdL) and D3 (logVsphere vs.
logdL) of PFC-HA flocs decreased with the increase of PFC dosages, and PFC-HA flocs showed a gradually looser structure. At the
optimum dosage of PFC, the D2 (logA vs. logdL) values of the flocs show 14%–43% di erence with their corresponding Df, and they
even had di erent tendency with the change of initial pH values. However, the D2 values of the flocs formed at three di erent initial pH
in HA solution had a same tendency with the corresponding Df. Based on fractal Frenkel-Halsey-Hill (FHH) adsorption and desorption
equations, the pore surface fractal dimensions (Ds) for dried powders of PFC-HA flocs formed in HA water with initial pH 9.0 and 7.0
were all close to 2.9421, and the Ds values of flocs formed at initial pH 5.0 were less than 2.3746. It indicated that the pore surface
fractal dimensions of PFC-HA flocs dried powder mainly show the irregularity from the mesopore-size distribution and marcopore-size
distribution. 相似文献
997.
鞘细菌细胞吸附Cr(Ⅵ)条件的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
采用实验室保藏的鞘细菌,经过液体扩大培养后处理含Cr(Ⅵ)的废液,通过振荡吸附试验考察一系列物理化学因素对吸附效果的影响。结果表明,鞘细菌吸附Cr(Ⅵ)的适宜pH为8.0,适宜温度为30℃,适宜的菌龄是液体培养18h,适宜的吸附时间为8h,适宜的投加量是0.05g/100mL;在Cr(Ⅵ)初始浓度为5mg/L时,吸附量可以达到2.25mg/g,吸附后液体中Cr(Ⅵ)残留仅为0.45mg/L;废水中的有机质浓度对吸附有很大影响,其中COD为100mg/L时可以促进Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附。结果说明鞘细菌可以很好的降低污废水中的Cr(Ⅵ)。 相似文献
998.
The distribution of air-filled structures in the craniofacial and neurocranial bones of the oviraptorid ZPAL MgD-I/95, discovered
at the Hermiin Tsav locality, Mongolia, is restored. Based on the complete obliteration of most of the cranial sutures, the
specimen is identified as an adult individual of Conchoraptor gracilis Barsbold 1986. Except for the orbitosphenoids and epipterygoids, the preserved bones of the neurocranium are hollow. Three
types of tympanic recess are present in Conchoraptor, a characteristic shared with troodontids, dromaeosaurids, and avian theropods. The contralateral middle ear cavities are
interconnected by the supraencephalic pathway that passes through the dorsal tympanic recesses, the posterodorsal prootic
sinuses and the parietal sinus. The spatial arrangements of the middle ear cavity and a derived neurocranial pneumatic system
in Conchoraptor indicate enhancements of acoustic perception in the lower-frequency registers and of auditory directionality. We further
speculate that this improvement of binaural hearing could be explained as an adaptation required for accurate detection of
prey and/or predators under conditions of low illumination. The other potentially pneumatic structures of the Conchoraptor cranium include (1) recessus-like irregularities on the dorsal surface of the nasal and frontal bones (a putative oviraptorid
synapomorphy; pos); (2) a subotic recess; (3) a sub-condylar recess; and (4) a posterior condylar recess (pos).
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
999.
For the screening of the risk from environmental contamination, the cytotoxic/genotoxic effects of various model pollutants were determined using an in vivo system comprised of human HeLa cells; the ecotoxicity was also determined using the acute and genotoxicity tests on two aquatic sentinel species widely used in biomonitoring, namely, freshwater crustacean, Daphnia magna and larva of aquatic midge, Chironomus tentans. Nonylphenol (NP), bisphenol A (BPA), bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEPH) and paraquat dichloride (PQ) were used as the model pollutants. The results showed that exposure of HeLa cells to NP, BPA and DEHP was sufficient for the expression of noticeable genotoxic and cytotoxic effects. Ecotoxicity results showed that, as expected, D. magna was more sensitive than C. tentans to chemical exposure. BPA may exert a genotoxic effect on D. magna and C. tentans, given that DNA strand breaks increased in both species exposed to this compound, whereas NP-induced DNA damage occurred only in C. tentans. In vivo genotoxic data obtained in aquatic sentinel species could provide valuable information for freshwater quality monitoring. From the results of the present study, the use of cytotoxic, genotoxic and ecotoxic tests using human cell system, as well as, biomonitoring species, seems to be relevant for preliminary evaluation of the human health and ecological effects of pollutants and thus, a promising screening tool for environmental monitoring and risk assessment. 相似文献
1000.
Choi YH Kang HS Jun I Keum DK Park HK Choi GS Lee H Lee CW 《Journal of environmental radioactivity》2007,93(3):157-169
The transfer of 90Sr to rice plants following its acute ground deposition was examined experimentally in a greenhouse. Lysimeters were flooded after being filled with the soil monoliths from 12 paddy fields. A solution of 90Sr was applied to the standing water in the flooded lysimeters at the pre-transplanting stage or booting stage. Applied 90Sr was mixed with the topsoil only after the pre-transplanting application (PTA). The transfer was quantified with the areal transfer factor (TF(a), m2 kg(-1)-dry) defined as the ratio of the plant concentration to the initial ground deposition. In the PTA, the first-year TF(a) values in the 12 soils were in the range of 8.2 x 10(-3) -2.1 x 10(-2) and 1.7 x 10(-4) -3.6 x 10(-4) for the straws and hulled seeds, respectively. The TF(a) values from the booting-stage application (BSA) were higher than those from the PTA by a factor of up to four. The ratios of the seed TF(a) to the straw TF(a) were, on the whole, higher in the BSA. The 90Sr TF(a) in the PTA was negatively correlated with the soil pH and, to a lesser degree, the exchangeable Ca content. In the second year, the TF(a) in the PTA reduced to 53-90% of that in the first year. A more significant reduction, in general, occurred in a sandier soil. Based on the four consecutive years' transfer data, an overall half-time of the 90Sr TF(a) was estimated to be 2.2 years. 相似文献