二步法腈纶废水有机污染物组成分析研究

采用色谱技术,对二步法腈纶生产废水中所含的有机污染物,进行了系统的分析研究.结果表明,二步法腈纶废水的可生化性极差,其BOD5/CODcr的比值在0.1～0.2之间.其中所含有机污染物主要有芳香族及酚类的2,6-二(1,1-二甲基乙基)酚、硫代邻氨基苯酚、苯甲酸苄酯、邻二甲苯;腈类的丙烯腈、丁二腈、戊腈、己腈、β,β＇-亚氨基二丙腈;烷烃类的壬烷异构体、十二烷及其异构体、十三烷及其异构体、十五烷及其异构体、十六烷;其它有N,N-二甲基乙酰胺、2,2'-二硫基乙醇、硫醇(丙硫醇、乙硫醇)、丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯磺酸钠等.     

厌氧升流式污泥层反应器内污泥颗粒化对固液分离效果的影响

厌氧升流式污泥层反应器在较高的COD容积负荷和水力负荷下稳定运行的关键是要有良好的固液分离,而固液分离的必要条件是污泥的沉降速度大于混合液在三相分离器的沉降区的最小断面上的向上流速。通过小型装置的试验表明,污泥的沉降速度与污泥的性状和浓度有关,使反应器内的污泥颗粒化能改善污泥沉降性、提高固液分离效果,使反应器能在相当高的COD容积负荷(20—30kgCOD/m~3·d)和水力负荷(0.8m~3/m~2·h)下稳定运行。本文叙述了厌氧升流式污泥层反应器内的污泥颗粒化过程,并简要地讨论了培养颗粒污泥的基本条件。     

嘉定城区河流水质现状评价及污染防治对策

通过对嘉定中心城区河流的水质现状调查和评价，提出了引清排污、加强市政措施等污染防治对策。     

Practical environmental monitoring of major construction projects

Independent teams undertook environmental monitoring of particular concentrations of major construction projects forming part of Hong Kong’s U.S. $20 billion airport infrastructure programme located in dense urban areas. The team combination of environmental specialists with experienced civil engineers enabled pragmatic mitigation measures to be developed and accepted by the construction personnel with the result that potentially significant adverse impacts were averted. The authors discuss the mechanism and success of this innovative approach.     

我国沿海城市体系初探

自古以来,人类的经济活动一直与河海和港口休戚相关,河海有舟楫之便,港口成为物资集散地,自然成为物资流通和集散的场所。尤其在现代,港口既是现代化运输业的中心环节,又是地区经济腾飞的重要因素,已成为港口腹地经济发展极核和有力支柱。港口与城市,不仅把生产和流通有机组合起来,而且对于开拓国内、国际市场,把局部地区和全     

TiO2光催化技术在有害气体净化中的应用

主要介绍了TiO2光催化技术在有害气体净化中的应用、提高TiO2光化效率的方法以及影响TiO2光催化效率的因素。     

发光细菌对化合物的致突效应与检测研究

从明亮发光杆菌Ｔ３小种分离到的自发暗变种（Ｋ变种）Ｔ９１７１菌种对三种化合物呈致空变阳性反应，对二种化合物呈可疑阳性，发光细菌暗变种对遗传毒性化合物致突效应的灵敏度高于Ａｍｅｓ试验和浦乳动物致癌试验，可望成为一种简易灵敏的测试环境致突变物的短期生物学试验方法。     

Hydrogen storage and distribution systems

Hydrogen storage and transportation or distribution is closely linked together. Hydrogen can be distributed continuously in pipelines or batch wise by ships, trucks, railway or airplanes. All batch transportation requires a storage system but also pipelines can be used as pressure storage system. Hydrogen exhibits the highest heating value per weight of all chemical fuels. Furthermore, hydrogen is regenerative and environment friendly. There are two reasons why hydrogen is not the major fuel of toady’s energy consumption: First of all, hydrogen is just an energy carrier. And, although it is the most abundant element in the universe, it has to be produced, since on earth it only occurs in the form of water. This implies that we have to pay for this energy, which results in a difficult economic task, because since the industrialization we are used to consuming energy for free. The second difficulty with hydrogen as an energy carrier is the low critical temperature of 33 K, i.e. hydrogen is a gas at room temperature. For mobile and in many cases also for stationary applications the volumetric and gravimetric density of hydrogen in a storage system is crucial. Hydrogen can be stored by six different methods and phenomena: high pressure gas cylinders (up to 800 bar), liquid hydrogen in cryogenic tanks (at 21 K), adsorbed hydrogen on materials with a large specific surface area (at T < 100 K), absorbed on interstitial sites in a host metal (at ambient pressure and temperature), chemically bond in covalent and ionic compounds (at ambient pressure), oxidation of reactive metals e.g. Li, Na, Mg, Al, Zn with water. These metals easily react with water to the corresponding hydroxide and liberate the hydrogen from the water. Finally, the metal hydroxides can be thermally reduced to the metals in a solar furnace.     

紫木凼金矿开采过程中的环境效应:2.污染趋势分析

主要对紫木凼金矿区CN- 、As、Hg、Pb、Zn五个污染项目进行了趋势分析和污染预测。氰化物虽然是剧毒污染物 ,但它具有很强的自净降解作用 ,对矿区的污染影响不大 ,只是对于废液池的清洗外排必须先治理后排放。建立了As、Hg、Pb、Zn在各个污染途径中的定量分配模式。该模式表明 ,开采过程中As、Hg、Pb的大部分 ( 64 %以上 )进入废液池外排 ,其余的进入矿渣。在此基础上 ,对这些元素从 1 989年到 2 0 0 0年的开采总量、进入废液、土壤、积水坑的分量进行了计算 ,并给出了在堆场下伏粘土中各元素的饱和吸附量和开始外排的时间。     

论深入广泛推行清洁生产

在全面分析了国内推行清洁生产现状的基础上，根据中国的工业和资源特点，阐述了推行清洁生产的必要必,现时，从技术和管理两方面指出了中国推行清洁生产的巨大潜力，最后，有针对性地提出了深入广泛推行清洁生产的4条措施：（1）加快完善清洁生产政策，（2）深入实施清洁生产审计，（3）加强清洁生产技术的理论研究，（4）积极在中小企业中广泛推广清洁生产。