多氯代甲烷对鳝鱼红细胞微核率及核异常率的影响

试验采用外周血红细胞微核测试技术,通过分析鳝鱼外周血细胞的核异常率和微核率,研究多氯代甲烷的遗传毒性和生态安全性.结果表明:①96 h后,质量浓度为3 mg·L-,30 mg·L-1和300 mg·L-1的CCl4和CHCl3污染所产生的核异常率分别为:5.38%和4.26%,9.62%和6.50%,12.18%和9.54%,表明CCl4对细胞异常率的影响大于CHCl3对细胞核异常率的影响;②96 h后,质量浓度为3 mg·L-1,30 mg·L-1和300 mg·L-1的CCl4和CHCl3污染所产生的微核率分别为:0.64%和0.40%,0.94%和0.55%,1.31%和0.95%,说明CCl4对细胞微核率的影响大于CHCl3对细胞核微核率的影响.表明用微核测试的方法分析环境中的污染物对生物体危害的程度是一种最便捷和有效的手段.     

旅游活动对风景区地被植物-土壤环境影响的初步研究

以安徽采石风景区为研究对象,建立了旅游活动对风景区地被植物-土壤环境影响模型,观察分析旅游活动对地被植物、土壤的外部形态,种群的高度、丰度、密度,土壤理化性状等影响；引入风景区旅游生态环境容量概念,据此提出风景区生态环境管理对策     

Model calculating annual mean atmospheric dispersion factor for coastal site of nuclear power plant

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干式烟气脱硫装置对除尘器性能影响的分析

简单介绍了3种干法脱硫技术:喷雾干燥法、炉内喷钙法、循环流化床脱硫法的工艺流程,分析了3种脱硫系统运行后除尘器入口处粉尘烟气温度、湿度、比电阻、粉尘粒径、粘性等性质改变,分析了在这种粉尘性质的改变下,指出了静电除尘器和布袋除尘器在这种改变下所受影响的不同。     

Spatial Pattern Analysis of Regional Water Use Profile Based on the Gini Coefficient and Location Quotient

Water resources have become a barrier hampering socioeconomic development. Changes in the spatial distribution of water use profile have direct impacts to regional water use efficiency. However, the related research is inadequate, and a more suitable way to analyze regional water use profile is necessary. The Gini coefficient and location quotient, two reliable methods commonly used in discussing the spatial distribution of elements, were introduced and calculated. Taking Gansu Province as the study area, the concentration effect of industrial water use was the strongest, followed by domestic, environmental, and agricultural water use. However, a balanced distribution of agricultural water use failed to be coordinated with the production conditions, the center of Gansu’s grain production should be established to enhance the scale effect of agricultural production. The industrial agglomeration effect remained weak, and each region’s dominant industries need to be developed vigorously. Gansu’s domestic water use was consistent with its population distribution, but it is necessary to reduce the water use gap between urban and rural areas. With a growing awareness of environmental protection, environmental water use exhibited a more balanced distribution. Overall, the methods are simple and have good applicability, and the results can provide a reference in water use optimization.     

不同条件的底泥回流对强化絮凝的影响

为探究不同条件的回流底泥对絮凝强化的影响,采用智能光谱散射分析仪（IPDA）对絮凝过程进行连续监测。通过分析出水浊度和絮体生长曲线,考察了底泥投加量、存放时间和底泥pH对底泥强化作用的影响。结果表明:底泥投加量对于絮体生长FI值（絮凝指数）影响不大,回流单倍底泥时,出水浊度降至1.3 NTU,较常规絮凝下降38%;底泥存放时间越长,絮体生长FI值越小,存放时间<3 d的底泥可保证出水浊度维持在2.0以下;底泥pH为3.0时,出水浊度低至1.2 NTU,酸处理后的底泥,其絮体生长变化曲线不稳定,FI值呈明显震荡波动趋势。回流单倍底泥时,底泥能够强化絮凝的去浊能力,絮体颗粒保持较大尺寸。底泥形成24 h内回流,絮体颗粒之间产生的相互作用力最大,能保持底泥的最大活性。过高或过低的底泥pH导致絮凝效果变差,最适宜的底泥pH为3.0左右。     

Characterization of a new smog chamber for evaluating SAPRC gas-phase chemical mechanism

A new state-of-the-art indoor smog chamber facility (CAPS-ZJU) has been constructed and characterized at Zhejiang University, which is designed for chemical mechanism evaluation under well-controlled conditions. A series of characterization experiments were performed to validate the well-established experimental protocols, including temperature variation pattern, light spectrum and equivalent intensity (J_NO2), injection and mixing performance, as well as gases and particle wall loss. In addition, based on some characterization experiments, the auxiliary wall mechanism has been setup and examined. Fifty chamber experiments were performed across a broad range of experimental scenarios, and we demonstrated the ability to utilize these chamber data for evaluating SAPRC chemical mechanism. It was found that the SAPRC-11 can well predict the O₃ formation and NO oxidation for almost all propene runs, with 6 hr Δ(O₃ – NO) model error of –3% ± 7%, while the final O₃ was underestimated by ~20% for isoprene experiments. As for toluene and p-xylene experiments, it was confirmed that SAPRC-11 has significant improvement on aromatic chemistry than earlier version of SAPRC-07, although the aromatic decay rate was still underestimated to some extent. The model sensitivity test has been carried out, and the most sensitive parameters identified are the initial concentrations of reactants and the light intensity as well as HONO offgasing rate and O₃ wall loss rate. All of which demonstrated that CAPS-ZJU smog chamber could derive high quality experimental data, and could provide insights on chamber studies and chemical mechanism development.     

1株汞挥发真菌的分离及特性分析

近年来土壤汞污染日益严峻,严重危害环境和人类健康,已成为一个世界性的环境问题,因此选择合理有效的方法对其进行修复与控制刻不容缓。有些微生物对汞具有吸附和挥发的特性,可用于受汞污染环境的修复。实验从受重金属污染的土壤中分离纯化出1株高抗汞真菌（DC-F9）,其汞的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）达到160 mg/L;通过ITS序列比较,鉴别该菌属于曲霉属真菌;摇瓶培养发现,该真菌在Hg（Ⅱ）浓度为5 mg/L的培养基中对汞的挥发率、吸附率和总去除率分别为36.8%、58.4%、95.2%;而在Hg（Ⅱ）浓度为10 mg/L的培养基中,其值分别为45.4%、40.2%、85.6%;通过FTIR分析,发现该菌株为响应汞的胁迫表现出多种生理上变化。结果表明该菌株具有对汞污染环境修复的应用潜力。     

氮、磷浓度对伪鱼腥藻生长及光合生理的影响

以伪鱼腥藻（Pseudanabaena sp.）为研究对象,研究了不同氮、磷浓度对伪鱼腥藻生长、叶绿素荧光参数（F_v/F_m、α、rETR_max、I_K）及类胡萝卜素与叶绿素a比值等的影响,并应用Monod和Droop方程考察氮、磷营养盐对伪鱼腥藻生长动力学的影响,分别计算得到伪鱼腥藻对总磷的半饱和常数K_sP,细胞内磷份额Q₀与对总氮的半饱和常数K_sN。结果表明:氮、磷浓度对伪鱼腥藻的生长影响极显著（P<0.01）,在氮浓度为0~230.4 mg/L内,伪鱼腥藻的生物量与氮浓度呈正相关,磷浓度>1.28 mg/L会抑制伪鱼腥藻生长。氮浓度对各叶绿素荧光参数有显著影响（P<0.05）,磷浓度对F_v/F_m、I_K有显著影响（P<0.05）,而对rETR_max、α影响不显著（P>0.05）。K_sP≪K_sN,伪鱼腥藻对磷具有更好的亲和性,伪鱼腥藻能够正常生长的细胞最小内磷份额Q₀为0.0486 μg/mg,低于该值则藻细胞的增殖停止。类胡萝卜素与叶绿素a比值与氮、磷营养盐浓度呈负相关。     

生活饮用水中六六六、滴滴涕、六氯苯测定方法的优化

文章综合现有国标中关于六六六(BHC)、滴滴涕(DDT)和六氯苯(HCB)测定方法,在此基础上,通过改变取样量、萃取剂量、分离程序等进行方法优化和验证,采用时间定性,外标法定量。实验结果表明,利用InertCap 5石英毛细管柱、电子捕获检测器进行测定,在0.025～0.5μg/L添加水平下,六六六、滴滴涕、六氯苯9种物质的平均回收率为92.5%～104.3%,相对标准偏差为0.9%～4.5%,方法检出限为0.01～0.04μg/L。优化后的方法具有试剂用量少,操作简单、快速,灵敏度、回收率、精密度和准确度高等优点,具有实用价值。