环境因素对服装点对点电阻测试结果影响分析

静电放电过程中产生的电火花或电磁场在某些特定环境中会造成重大危害,引起社会广泛关注。穿戴防静电服是静电防护的重要手段,防静电服面料的点对点电阻是防静电服主要性能指标之一,对该指标的准确测量有助于对服装防护能力的准确认识。本文阐述了面料点对点电阻测试原理,详细讨论了防静电服点对点电阻测试结果的组成,指出测试过程中的影响因素包括环境温湿度、测试台面绝缘性能、仪器周围的电磁环境和操作人员的带电等,其中重点分析了环境温湿度对测试结果的影响,指出环境温湿度是点对点电阻测试过程中的主要影响因素,以期通过对相关因素的控制提高对该项性能指标测试结果的准确程度。     

中洛线热媒炉更换为直接加热炉的综合分析

介绍了中洛线热媒炉在使用过程中出现的问题,指出热媒炉附属设备多、系统复杂、工作不可靠、故障率高、维修困难、维修费用高,严重影响安全生产,是目前难以解决的问题,也是中洛线热媒炉全部更换为直接加热炉的原因.     

悬浮法氯乙烯聚合工艺的风险分析及安全技术

悬浮法聚合氯乙烯生产过程的主要风险是氯乙烯的"暴聚"事故和氯乙烯泄漏事故.聚合反应散热不足,温度过高导致"暴聚"事故.易燃易爆有毒的氯乙烯泄漏可能引发氯乙烯蒸汽云爆炸和火球(BLEVE)事故.以某PVC化工厂氯乙烯聚合釜生产为例,定量计算氯乙烯小孔泄漏量、蒸汽云及BLEVE火球的事故伤害与破坏后果.提出避免导致"暴聚"事故3种安全技术措施:良好的聚合釜反应散热降温;足够的搅拌强度和防止"粘釜"等.防止引发氯乙烯泄漏的3种途径为反应釜轴封、超压泄压时跑料和压力容器及管道的防泄漏技术.     

AB法在虹桥污水处理厂的应用

乌鲁木齐虹桥污水处理厂采用AB活性污泥工艺,设计处理污水3×104m3/d,介绍了虹桥污水处理厂的工艺流程、设计参数、主要处理构筑物、运行状况、影响因素,并对AB活性污泥法的发展运行状况进行了分析和探讨。     

余氯对再生水中铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)的生长抑制作用

以北京市污水处理厂二级出水为对象,考察了余氯对再生水中铜绿微囊藻(Microcystis aeruginosa)生长的影响.实验表明,0.2 mg·l~(-1)以上的余氯对铜绿微囊藻的生长有明显抑制效果,抑制率在培养第2天达60%-80%,第8天达99%,抑制效果持续60d.再生水中的氨氮浓度越高,余氯对铜绿微囊藻的抑制效果越差.氯的不同形态对铜绿微囊藻的生长抑制效果不同,氯对铜绿微囊藻的抑制效果优于氯胺.     

废钢渣粉渣湿法脱硫工艺实验研究

以马钢三钢渣厂钢渣为吸收剂,进行了钢渣湿法烟气脱硫工艺的实验研究。通过分析钢渣的组成成分及反应机理,研究了液气比L/G、浆液浓度μ、pH值等主要参数对钢渣湿法脱硫率η的影响。实验结果显示,通过合理的设计和适当的操作,可使钢渣湿法脱硫效率达60%以上,具有一定的应用价值。     

Relationships of nitrous oxide fluxes with water quality parameters in free water surface constructed wetlands

The effects of chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration in the influent on nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, together with the relationships between N₂O and water quality parameters in free water surface constructed wetlands, were investigated with laboratoryscale systems. N₂O emission and purification performance of wastewater were very strongly dependent on COD concentration in the influent, and the total N₂O emission in the system with middle COD influent concentration was the least. The relationships between N₂O and the chemical and physical water quality variables were studied by using principal component scores in multiple linear regression analysis to predict N₂O flux. The multiple linear regression model against principal components indicated that different water parameters affected N₂O flux with different COD concentrations in the influent, but nitrate nitrogen affected N₂O flux in all systems.     

生态系统健康分析指标体系构建

以生态学理论为基础,基于压力-状态-响应结构模型建立生态系统健康分析指标体系,首次引入水资源密度和空气污染指数两个指标,采用层次分析法确定各单因子指标权重,并用加权叠加法对生态系统健康进行综合分析。以网格作为基本分析单元,运用RS&GIS技术及统计学方法,建立系统化定量化的方法体系。并以山西省为案例,对其进行分析评价,为山西省生态环境保护提供科学依据。     

烟草对砷的吸收累积特征及其健康风险研究

以福建省主栽烟草品种翠碧1号、K326和云烟87为材料,在外源砷添加量为0、10、20、40、70和100 mg·kg~(-1)的土壤中进行盆栽试验,探讨砷对烟草的毒害效应以及砷在土壤-烟草体系中的迁移累积特征,并对植烟土壤中砷的安全临界值进行计算。结果表明,在砷毒害下,烟草生长受到抑制,且烟草根系生长受抑制程度最强。随着砷添加量的增加,土壤中有效砷含量和烟草各部位砷含量均显著提高(P 0.05),砷在根系中的含量最高,在茎中的含量最低。砷处理下各部位间的转移系数表现为TF_((茎-叶)) TF_((土-根)) TF_((根-茎)),且外源砷的增加促进砷从茎到叶片中转移。38.28%～74.37%的砷富集在烟草根部,上部叶中砷的富集量最少(4.61%～11.7%),且所研究的3个烟草品种中翠碧1号对砷的富集能力最强。根据通过吸烟进入人体砷的限量以及土壤有效砷含量与烟草中部叶砷含量的回归模型,推算出翠碧1号、K326和云烟87的植烟土壤有效砷的安全临界值分别为14.17、14.31和11.86 mg·kg~(-1)(磷酸二氢钠浸提)。并将福建省植烟土壤有效砷的安全临界值拟定为11.86 mg·kg~(-1)(磷酸二氢钠浸提)。本研究结果为福建省烟草安全生产提供一定技术指导。     

The influence of slope collapse on water exchange between a pit lake and a heterogeneous aquifer

Slope collapse will reduce the water exchange. Slope collapse will affect the spatial distribution of the water exchange. Precipitation have the most impact on the dynamics of the water exchange. Due to the increase in open pit mining, pit lakes have become common surface water features, posing a potential risk to subsurface aquifer. In this study, a pit lake–groundwater interaction model is built based on the general program MODFLOW with the LAK3 package. For the first time, the effects of lake-slope collapse and aquifer heterogeneity on pit lake–groundwater interactions are analyzed by dividing the lake into six water exchange zones based on the aquifer lithology and groundwater level. Our investigation and simulations reveal a total water exchange from groundwater to the lake of 349000 m³/a without collapse of the pit lake slope, while the total net water exchange under slope collapse conditions is 248000 m³/a (i.e., a reduction of 1.40-fold). The monthly net water exchange per unit width from groundwater to the lake reaches the largest in April, shifting to negative values in zone IV from June to August and in zone V in June and July. Moreover, the monthly net water exchange per unit width decreases from north to south, and the direction and magnitude of water exchange are found to depend on the hydraulic gradients between the lake and groundwater and the hydraulic conductivity of the slope collapse.