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771.
近年来土壤汞污染日益严峻,严重危害环境和人类健康,已成为一个世界性的环境问题,因此选择合理有效的方法对其进行修复与控制刻不容缓。有些微生物对汞具有吸附和挥发的特性,可用于受汞污染环境的修复。实验从受重金属污染的土壤中分离纯化出1株高抗汞真菌(DC-F9),其汞的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)达到160 mg/L;通过ITS序列比较,鉴别该菌属于曲霉属真菌;摇瓶培养发现,该真菌在Hg(Ⅱ)浓度为5 mg/L的培养基中对汞的挥发率、吸附率和总去除率分别为36.8%、58.4%、95.2%;而在Hg(Ⅱ)浓度为10 mg/L的培养基中,其值分别为45.4%、40.2%、85.6%;通过FTIR分析,发现该菌株为响应汞的胁迫表现出多种生理上变化。结果表明该菌株具有对汞污染环境修复的应用潜力。 相似文献
772.
以伪鱼腥藻(Pseudanabaena sp.)为研究对象,研究了不同氮、磷浓度对伪鱼腥藻生长、叶绿素荧光参数(Fv/Fm、α、rETRmax、IK)及类胡萝卜素与叶绿素a比值等的影响,并应用Monod和Droop方程考察氮、磷营养盐对伪鱼腥藻生长动力学的影响,分别计算得到伪鱼腥藻对总磷的半饱和常数KsP,细胞内磷份额Q0与对总氮的半饱和常数KsN。结果表明:氮、磷浓度对伪鱼腥藻的生长影响极显著(P<0.01),在氮浓度为0~230.4 mg/L内,伪鱼腥藻的生物量与氮浓度呈正相关,磷浓度>1.28 mg/L会抑制伪鱼腥藻生长。氮浓度对各叶绿素荧光参数有显著影响(P<0.05),磷浓度对Fv/Fm、IK有显著影响(P<0.05),而对rETRmax、α影响不显著(P>0.05... 相似文献
773.
在高职高专教育环境下,大学语文课程的日益边缘化已经成为不争的事实。大学语文重不重要这一问题,原则性的答案和事实上的回答截然对立。2004年3月,内地及港澳台学者在“大学语文教学研讨会”上达成共识,他们认为:“只要不把大学办成技校,只要大学还是大学,大学语文的作用就不容忽视。”因而,现在的主要问题不是论证大学语文多么重要,而是要研究教学效果的达成。本文将通过对大学语文课程的性质定位、教学内容、教学方法和考核方式进行分析和研究,进而论证大学语文对高职学生素质和能力培养的积极意义。 相似文献
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776.
Jennifer C. D'Souza Chunrong Jia Bhrarmar Mukherjee Stuart Batterman 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(18):2884-2892
Previous studies investigating effects of personal, demographic, housing and other factors on exposures to volatile organic compounds (VOC) have focused on mean or median exposures, and generally not the high exposures that are of great interest. This paper identifies determinants of personal VOC exposures on a quantile-specific basis using a nationally representative sample. The NHANES 1999–2000 VOC dataset was merged with personal, demographic, housing, smoking and occupation variables. Bivariate analyses tested for differences in geometric means and quantiles across levels of potential exposure determinants. Multivariate sample-weighted ordinary least-squares (OLS) and quantile regression (QR) models were then used to adjust for covariates. We identify a number of exposure determinants, most of which varied by exposure quantile. The most striking finding was the much higher exposures experienced by Hispanics and Blacks for aromatic VOCs (BTEX: benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes), methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), and 1,4-dichlorobenzene (DCB). Exposure to gasoline, paints or glues, and having a machine-related occupation also were associated with extremely high BTEX and MTBE exposures. Additional determinants included the presence of attached garages and open windows, which affected exposures of BTEX (especially at lower quantiles) and MTBE (especially at higher quantiles). Smoking also increased BTEX exposures. DCB was associated with air freshener use, and PERC with dry-cleaned clothing. After adjusting for demographic, personal and housing factors, age and gender were not significant predictors of exposure. The use of QR in conjunction with OLS yields a more complete picture of exposure determinants, and identifies subpopulations and heterogeneous exposure groups in which some individuals experience very elevated exposures and which are not well represented by changes in the mean. The high exposures of Hispanics and Blacks are perplexing and disturbing, and they warrant further investigation. 相似文献
777.
778.
Monitoring nitrogen deposition in typical forest ecosystems along a large transect in China 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Wenping Sheng Guirui Yu Chunming Jiang Junhua Yan Yunfen Liu Silong Wang Bing Wang Junhui Zhang Chuankuan Wang Mei Zhou Bingrui Jia 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(1):833-844
The nitrogen (N) deposition fluxes were investigated in eight typical forest ecosystems along the North–South Transect of Eastern China (NSTEC; based on the ChinaFLUX network) by ion-exchange resin (IER) columns from May 2008 to April 2009. Our results demonstrated that the method of IER columns was both labor cost saving and reliable for measuring dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) deposition at the remote forest stations. The deposition of DIN in the throughfall ranged from 1.3 to 29.5 kg N ha?1 a?1, increasing from north to south along NSTEC. The relatively high average ratio of ammonium to nitrate in deposition (1.83) indicated that the N deposition along the NSTEC in China mostly originated in farming and animal husbandry rather than in industry and vehicle activities. For seasonal variability, the DIN deposition showed a single peak in the growing season in the northern part of NSTEC, while, in the southern part, it exhibited double-peaks in the early spring and the mid-summer, respectively. On the annual scale, the DIN deposition variations of the eight sites could be mainly explained by precipitation and the distances from forest stations to provincial capital cities. 相似文献
779.
采用试管药膜法测定了12种杀菌剂制剂对半闭弯尾姬蜂成蜂的急性接触毒性,结合安全性系数评价了供试药剂对半闭弯尾姬蜂的安全性。急性毒性测定结果表明,氟硅唑和啶菌噁唑对半闭弯尾姬蜂成蜂的接触毒性最高,LC50值分别为220.022和223.115 mg·L-1;其次为多抗霉素、丙森锌和戊唑醇,LC50值分别为436.496、472.358和638.638 mg·L-1;其余7种杀菌剂制剂嘧霉胺、啶酰菌胺、苯醚甲环唑、多菌灵、嘧菌酯、嘧菌环胺和异菌脲对半闭弯尾姬蜂成蜂的触杀毒性都较低,LC50值均大于1 000 mg·L-1。安全性评价结果表明,丙森锌和啶菌噁唑对半闭弯尾姬蜂成蜂具有高风险性,安全系数分别为0.16和0.42;嘧霉胺、多抗霉素、氟硅唑和戊唑醇为中等风险性,安全系数分别为1.43、1.56、2.20和3.23;其余6种杀菌剂制剂啶酰菌胺、苯醚甲环唑、多菌灵、嘧菌酯、嘧菌环胺和异菌脲对半闭弯尾姬蜂表现为低风险性,安全系数均大于5。结果显示:甾醇脱甲基抑制剂氟硅唑、戊唑醇和啶菌噁唑以及苯胺基嘧啶类杀菌剂嘧霉胺、有机硫杀菌剂丙森锌和抗菌素多抗霉素对半闭弯尾姬蜂成蜂具有急性毒性风险,在有害生物综合治理中应谨慎使用,特别是啶菌噁唑和丙森锌,以免对半闭弯尾姬蜂造成不良影响和危害。 相似文献
780.
Dandan Wang Jianjun Zhang Guodong Jia Haibo Zhang Ziqiang Liu 《Chemistry and Ecology》2017,33(6):528-542
The impacts of vegetation on soil erosion are closely associated with the combined effects of above- and below-ground components. In this study, we explore the effects and contributions of Robinia pseudoacacia litter cover and roots on soil erosion. Experiment sites under natural conditions with vegetation cover, plant roots and bare ground plots were investigated for overland flow discharges of 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0?L?s?1 and slope gradients of 8.7%, 17.6%, 26.8%, 36.4% and 46.6%. Results indicate that litter cover and roots have a significant impact on sediment reduction; soil loss was reduced by about 57% and plant roots had a greater impact on the reduction of soil erosion than litter cover. The combination of litter cover and plant roots had a significant effect on decreasing Kr, increasing τc and consequently strengthening soil resistance capacity to erosion. When plants and roots existed on the slopes, Kr decreased by 81% and 66%, and τc increased by 319% and 246%, respectively, in comparison with bare slopes. These results illustrate the importance of high-forest in controlling soil erosion by quantifying the specific contributions of litter cover and plant roots in erosion reduction in the Loess Plateau. 相似文献