磺酰脲类除草剂及其主要降解产物分配系数的测定与预测

本文测定了甲黄隆，氯黄隆，苄嘧黄隆及其主要降解产物取代磺胺和取代氮杂环化合物的辛醇－水分配系数，研究了反相高效液相色谱容量因子、分子连接性指数、Ｌｅｏ碎片常数与分配系数间的相关关系，从而建立了估算磺酰类除草剂及其降解产物的疏水性方程。     

焦炉煤气净化工艺研究进展

阐述了国内外焦炉煤气净化工艺的发展与研究现状，介绍了几种典型的焦炉煤气净化工艺，重点说明了湿式氧化工艺中的FRC法和湿式吸收工艺中的Sulfiban法，比较了几种有代表性的焦炉煤气净化工艺的脱硫脱氰效果，工艺特点以及运转费用，同时介绍了美国研究开发的LO－CAT法和我国东北师范大学研究开发的PDS法，并提同了几点建议。     

线路板园区综合废水碱法除铜优化实验

线路板废水中的铜主要以络合态存在,破络除铜是其处理稳定达标的关键环节。为了降低运行费用和产泥量,同时为后期的工程升级改造提供依据和参考,实验研究了碱法破络除铜最佳pH值、Na2S/Cu摩尔比、反应时间和絮凝剂种类的选择等,并从处理效率、投药成本、污泥产量多方面考核,确定最佳运行条件:以NaOH调节pH到10.5左右,Na2S与进水总铜摩尔比为1.5∶1～2∶1,反应30 min,再加100 mg/L的PAC和3 mg/L的PAM混凝反应,沉淀0.5 h,出水铜浓度低于0.3 mg/L,达到《电镀污染物排放标准》(GB 21900-2008)中的总铜排放标准。     

PBDD/F impurities in some commercial deca-BDE

The study presented the concentrations and distributions of polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and polybrominated dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) as impurities in some commercial decabromodiphenyl ether (DBDE) mixtures that were produced by several manufacturers. The total concentrations of 12 2,3,7,8-substituted tetra- to octa-BDD/F congeners were found to be in the range of 3.4-13.6 (mean 7.8) μg/g, averagely accounting for 99% of total PBDD/Fs. OBDF was the prevailing congener, followed by 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpBDF. In addition, OBDD and 1,2,3,4,7,8-HxBDF were also obviously detectable. The total concentrations of PBDD/Fs varied both between the manufacturers and between the lots. On the basis of the global demand for the commercial DBDE in 2001, the annual potential emissions of PBDD/Fs were calculated coarsely to be 0.43 (range: 0.21-0.78) tons. The major dioxin congeners, OBDF and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpBDF, presenting in DBDE, were estimated to be formed from BDE-209, BDE-206, and/or BDE-207 via an intra-molecular elimination of Br₂/HBr.     

Sources and distribution of sedimentary organic matter along the northern Bering and Chukchi Seas

In this study, lignin-derived phenols were used to determine the sources and distribution of sedimentary organic matter along the northern Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea of the Arctic Ocean. The lignin parameter syringyl/vanillyl (S/V) and cinnamyl/vanillyl (C/V) ratios are used to indicate vegetation sources; and the ratios of vanillic acid/vanillin, (Ad/Al)v and syringic acid/syringaldehyde, (Ad/Al)s are used as indicators of lignin diagenesis. Results showed the predominance of woody gymnosperm signal at the easternmost location in the northern Bering Sea, a mixture of refractory non-woody angiosperm and fresher gymnosperm tissues in the Chukchi Sea, and signal of fresher woody gymnosperm tissues in the northernmost locations in the Chukchi Sea. The lignin materials showed gradual increase in decomposition stage during transport along the northern Bering Sea. Hydrodynamic sorting process, which is the retention of coarser materials nearshore and transportation of finer particles farther offshore, most probably occurred along the east coast of the northern Bering Sea. In Chukchi Sea, the non-woody angiosperm tissues could have originated from the Canadian Arctic and gymnosperm tissues could be from the Russian Arctic side. The fresher materials in the northernmost Chukchi Sea could have been transported here via the ice-rafting process. Detection of fresh lignin materials and the occurrence of lignin decomposition mean that this region could be sensitive to the impact of climate change.     

Urea hydrolysis and recovery of nitrogen and phosphorous as MAP from stale human urine

Laboratory-scale tests for magnesium ammonium phosphate(MAP)precipitation following urea hydrolysis of human urine were conducted using orthogonal experiment design.The effects of initial pH,temperature and the volumetric ratios of stale urine to fresh urine,on urea hydrolysis in urine were studied to determine the final hydrolysis time to recover most nitrogen from separated human urine by MAP.With a volumetric ratio of stale to fresh urine>10% and at temperature≥20℃,urea hydrolysis could be completed i...     

贵屿某电子垃圾拆解点附近大气颗粒物中氯代/溴代二噁英、四溴双酚A污染水平研究

对贵屿某电子垃圾拆解点附近大气颗粒物中氯代二英(PCDD/Fs)、溴代二英(PBDD/Fs)、四溴双酚A(TBBPA)含量水平进行了调查研究.结果显示,大气颗粒物中17种2,3,7,8-PCDD/Fs和8种2,3,7,8-PBDD/Fs的浓度范围分别为126.54～524.78pg·m-3和376.42～566.76pg·m-3;平均毒性当量(TEQ)分别为16.29pg·m-3、91.28pg·m-3,均高出目前所报道的国内外其它部分城市大气污染水平1～4个数量级,且PBDD/Fs的污染水平远远高于PCDD/Fs.四氯至八氯代PCDD/Fs同系物呈现出明显且特别的分布规律,PCDDs和PCDFs浓度均随着氯原子取代程度增加而降低.TBBPA的浓度范围为66.01～95.04ng·m-3,大气中PBDD/Fs浓度与之显著相关r=0.69.初步的暴露风险评价表明,当地居民每日通过呼吸摄入的二英含量远远超过了世界卫生组织(WHO)规定的人体每日耐受量(TDI)1～4pg(W-TEQ)·kg-·1d-1.     

83家井工煤矿在岗农民工尘肺病现状调查及预防对策研究

为调查井工煤矿在岗农民工尘肺病防治现状并提出对策措施,采用分层整群抽样调查方法对4省（市）的83家井工煤矿进行调研,调查内容包括:职业卫生管理现状、职业健康监护与尘肺病诊断资料、X线胸片、农民工基本情况、职业卫生知识知晓情况、社会保险待遇等。调查结果显示:83家井工煤矿的职业病危害防治工作领导小组设置率和管理制度制定率均为100%,但制度内容和职业卫生培训缺乏针对性;粉尘危害防治费用平均为吨煤0.18元/月;采煤和掘进工作面的总尘浓度约为1.02～49.5 mg/m3;在岗检查时,农民工肺部异常的检出率高于正式工,在岗农民工疑似尘肺病检出率为7.94%,农民工尘肺病平均发病工龄14.47 a±6.79 a,平均发病年龄42.56岁±5.80岁,与正式工相比,农民工发病工龄短、发病年龄小。因此,建议政府从法规标准建设、探索职业健康责任险、加大监管力度等方面,企业从强化主体责任意识、源头治理及农民工职业卫生培训等方面,加强农民工尘肺病的防治工作。     

碱水残渣等工业“三废”调剖可行性研究

从加大中原油田调剖措施工作力度的必要性、紧迫性出发。通过利用室内实验前后岩心渗透率、铸体图象、压汞参数、扫描电镜孔隙变化等实验分析结果,研究了利用碱水残渣、废纸浆、锯木灰等工业“三废”调剖的可行性,及其在中原油田水井调剖中的适用性。结合目前注水冲刷地层孔隙结构变化的特点,还提出配套改进办法和扩大推广应用规模的建议。     

生物强化技术及其在废水生物处理中的应用

生物强化技术广泛应用于废水生物处理中,而竞争力和适应性强的高效菌株筛选是生物强化技术的决定性因素.论述了利用具有代谢性能的可移动基因片段强化、基因工程菌强化和常规微生物学手段分离菌株的生物强化技术,并阐述了生物强化技术在废水生物处理过程中去除难降解有机物,去除过量的氮、磷等营养物质,维持生物系统稳定性中的应用.