长江流域陆生植物资源的类型与开发利用

长江流域范围广大，大部分地区处于湿润，半湿润的亚热带区域，蕴藏着丰富的陆生植物资源。本文重点探讨了植物资源的类型，开发价值的评价，开发中存在的问题及其对策。     

粉状活性炭在气浮工艺处理滇池水中的应用研究

粉状活性炭应用于气浮工艺中能发挥吸附和提供絮聚中心的协同作用 ,提高工艺效率。该工艺对滇池水的色度、COD、BOD及藻类的去除率分别达到 72 %、 57 2 %、 2 4 %和 97 6%。     

高压水射流计算机模拟可视化初探

在分析射流参数解析解的基础上,结合前人提出的有关经验公式,利用可视化软件工具和可视化图形工具,对高压水射流的射流结构和射流参数进行可视化模拟。阐明了模拟可视化的必要性和可行性,提出了可视化模拟在高压水射流技术研究上的几个可能的发展方向。     

聚丙烯环管反应器参数安全性分析

采用参数敏感性分析方法对聚丙烯装置环管反应器反应温度、转化率对初温的安全敏感性进行了研究。结果表明,反应初温在72~74℃的范围属于反应器的温度敏感区域,超过74℃则进入温度极敏感区域,可引起反应器堵塞、出料泵过载,严重时可造成非正常停车、甚至超压爆炸事故。     

Conversion of nitrogen and carbon in enriched paddy soil by denitrification coupled with anammox in a bioelectrochemical system

The aim of this study is to investigate conversion of nitrogen and COD in enriched paddy soil by nitrification coupled with anammox process in a dual chamber bioelectrochemical system. The paddy soil was enriched for denitrification coupled with anammox by microbial consortia and was acclimatized in the cathodic chamber of microbial fuel cells(MFCs). The bioelectrochemical systems were treated with different ammonium concentrations in the cathodic chamber: the MFC with low concentration ammonium...     

湿法堆垛育菇废水物化-生化组合处理技术研究

食用菌湿法堆垛育菇废水作为一种高浓度有机废水,具有难降解、高COD和高氨氮的特点,利用常规处理工艺难以实现达标排放。采用气浮-折流A/O生物膜反应器(HAOBR)-O₃/H₂O₂组合工艺,研究气浮-HAOBR对育菇废水中COD和氨氮的处理效果,探讨O₃/H₂O₂催化氧化段在不同组合方式下的处理效果和最佳控制参数,并利用三维荧光光谱技术分析该组合工艺废水中溶解性有机物（DOM）的变化特性。结果表明：经气浮-HAOBR处理后,育菇废水中COD和氨氮浓度分别降至（485±25）和（1.32±0.11） mg/L;在O₃和H₂O₂浓度分别为0.88和333 mg/L时,O₃/H₂O₂单元对COD和氨氮的去除效果最佳;最终出水COD和氨氮浓度分别为（22.50±1.50）和（1.30±0.15） mg/L,平均去除率分别为99.40%和98.70%;育菇废水中DOM主要是类富里酸物质、溶解性微生物代谢产物和类腐殖酸物质,处理后DOM荧光强度大幅降低,但主要组分未发生改变。气浮-HAOBR-O₃/H₂O₂组合工艺能有效去除育菇废水中COD、氨氮和DOM,出水满足GB 8978—1996《污水综合排放标准》一级标准,具有很好的应用前景。

     

大型城市客车加速模拟工况排放特性的实验研究

通过对258辆大型城市客车进行加速模拟工况排放测试,研究了城市客车的排放特性,比较了压缩天然气(CNG)车辆与汽油车辆的排放特性,分析了车辆车龄与排放的关系、发动机燃油供给方式与排放的关系,以及车辆总质量与排放的关系。研究结果表明：燃用CNG的车辆其CO、NOx排放较汽油低许多,尤其是CO,但HC排放较汽油高;电喷车辆的CO、NOx排放比化油器车低,但HC排放值高于化油器车;车龄增长,车辆的CO、NOx排放值增大,但HC变化不明显;车辆总质量增加,排放呈下降趋势。     

垃圾焚烧飞灰熔融过程中重金属的固化机理以及熔渣浸出特性的研究

研究了中国垃圾焚烧飞灰中主要重金属在熔融过程的固定化机理,定义了固定率这个参数来表征此过程。采用了中国和美国的危险废物浸出毒性鉴别方法来判别飞灰及其熔融渣的浸出毒性。研究结果表明,固定率能够较好地表征重金属在熔融过程不同温度阶段的固定情况;按照中国和美国废物浸出毒性鉴别标准,飞灰熔融处理后的熔渣不属于危险废物,具备资源化利用的条件。     

医疗废物中有机质的热解动力学研究

在空气气氛下,对医疗废物中几种有代表性的有机质进行非等温热解实验。分析实验结果发现,热解失重曲线与N2气氛下不同,出现多个DTG峰。利用Freeman Carroll法求出了各有机质的表观动力学参数,并建立了能较好反映各物料失重过程的表观多步反应动力学模型。针对混合物料无法直接求出表观动力学参数,建立了多组分反应动力学模型。     

Effects of long-term alachlor exposure on hepatic antioxidant defense and detoxifying enzyme activities in crucian carp (Carassius auratus)

Alachlor has been widely used in agriculture all over the world. It is suggested that it may be a carcinogen and also an environmental estrogen. In this paper, the physiological and biochemical perturbations of crucian carp (Carassius auratus) exposed to alachlor at different concentrations over 60 days were investigated. The gonadosomatic index (GSI) and hepatosomatic index (HSI) were measured. The activity of hepatic antioxidant defense and detoxifying enzymes, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) and the content of glutathione (GSH) were determined and compared with the control group. The result showed that GSI and HSI decreased significantly (P<0.05) in almost all treatments. The activities of SOD, CAT and GST were induced continuously (P<0.05), while the content of reduced glutathione (GSH) was inhibited on the whole. These changes reflect that the antioxidant systems of the tested fishes were affected. The possible defense mechanistic implications about the changes were thus discussed. Furthermore, hepatic SOD and GST were sensitive to alachlor at low concentration, indicating that they might be potential biomarkers in early detection of alachlor contamination in aquatic ecosystems.