四丰山水库富营养化状况

通过对四丰山水库2006至2010年监测数据的统计,分析水库水质富营养化状况,指出水质富营养化的危害,并提出避免水质恶化的建议.     

Feedforward control for nitrogen removal in a pilot-scale anaerobic-anoxic-oxic plant for municipal wastewater treatment

To improve the efficiency of nitrogen removal with lower energy consumption, the study of feedforward control was carried out on a pilot-scale anaerobic-anoxicoxic (AAO) plant for the treatment of municipal wastewater. The effluent qualities of the pilot plant under different control strategies were investigated. The results indicated that the change of external recycle was not a suitable approach to regulate the sludge concentration of plug-flow reactors; adjusting the aeration valve and dissolved oxygen set-point according to ammonia load could overcome the impact of influent fluctuation; and the denitrification potential could be estimated based on the transit time of anoxic zone and the relative content of carbon resource entering the anoxic zone. Simple feedforward control strategies for aeration and internal recycle were subsequently proposed and validated. The nitrogen removal was successfully improved in the pilot plant. The effluent total nitrogen had decreased by 29.9% and was steadily controlled below 15 mg·L⁻¹. Furthermore, approximately 38% of the energy for aeration had been saved.     

Interaction and independence on methane oxidation of landfill cover soil among three impact factors: water, oxygen and ammonium

To understand the influence patterns and interactions of three important environmental factors, i.e. soil water content, oxygen concentration, and ammonium addition, on methane oxidation, the soils from landfill cover layers were incubated under full factorial parameter settings. In addition to the methane oxidation rate, the quantities and community structures of methanotrophs were analyzed to determine the methane oxidation capacity of the soils. Canonical correspondence analysis was utilized to distinguish the important impact factors. Water content was found to be the most important factor influencing the methane oxidation rate and Type II methanotrophs, and the optimum value was 15% (w/w), which induced methane oxidation rates 10- and 6- times greater than those observed at 5% (w/w) and 20% (w/w), respectively. Ambient oxygen conditions were more suitable for methane oxidation than 3% oxygen. The addition of 100 mg-N·kg_drysoil⁻¹ of ammonium induced different effects on methane oxidation capacity when conducted at low or high water content. With regard to the methanotrophs, Type II was sensitive to the changes of water content, while Type I was influenced by oxygen content. Furthermore, the methanotrophic acidophile, Verrucomicrobia, was detected in soils with a pH of 4.9, which extended their known living environments.     

栽植寒富苹果防风固沙修复土壤的效益分析

通过台安县西平林场大兴村栽植寒富苹果防风固沙修复土壤实验,证明在北方沙化土地上种植寒富苹果是可行的.以内蒙古"十五"林业生态建设所产生的生态效益为依据,寒富苹果基地建设,一方面促进农民增收,另一方面具有防风固沙修复土壤、涵养水源,保持水土的作用.能获得生态效益和经济效益双赢,在适宜地区具有广泛的推广价值.     

火山泥石流研究回顾

本文简要回顾了火山泥石流的研究历史,介绍了近年来这一领域的相关研究情况.主要内容包括火山泥石流的概念,形成机制及特征研究,火山泥石流的评估,火山泥石流的数学模型及数值模拟等.在论述这一领域相关研究进展的同时,对有关研究内容进行了评述和讨论,并对今后的研究工作提出了一些建议.     

再生水景观水体水质保障的GFH+BF处理系统

采用GFH+BF处理系统开展再生水景观水体水质保障研究,以GFH(granular ferric hydroxide)出水为人工湖源水,以BF为湖水净化补给枢纽.结果表明,GFH对TP、DOM(dissolved organic matter)和N等污染物都有很好的去除效率,TP、NH4+-N、NO2--N、DOC、U...     

溶剂萃取法从活性炭滤泥中回收增塑剂

本工作用溶剂萃取法从炭泥中回收增塑剂,通过小试筛选最佳的溶剂,确定工艺条件;在年产百万吨级的工业装置上进行生产性试验,结果为抽出率达炭泥量的50％以上,溶剂回收率达90％以上,回收的增塑剂产品达到部标二级品标准.     

南水北调中线工程对生态环境的影响及其对策

本文研究了“南水北调”中线工程实施之后,对被调水的汉江中下游及其它有关区域的生态环境所产生的影响,该工程实施之后,有可能使汉江中下游水位降低;加剧汉江中下游农业用水差值和缺水状况;可能使汉江中下游水质变劣,向北方调送污水;使汉江中下游淤积程度加重,治理投资加大,气候有所变异。据此,本文提出实施该调水工程时,应同步修建沙市-沙洋的“两沙运河”,加强对汉江中下游段水环境的综合整治两项对策,以最大限度地减少和消除该调水工程实施之后对生态环境的不利影响。     

地下水中222Rn的液体闪烁测量法

本文介绍的测量地下水中~(222)Rn的液体闪烁法,具有简便、快速、灵敏、可靠等优点。该方法仅需水样10ml,制样时间不超过1min,探测限可达0.82Bq/L,能实现样品测量的自动化。它不需要特殊的测量装置,普通的商品液体闪烁计数器即可满足要求。是一种进行大规模地下水样中~(222)Rn浓度调查的,较为理想的方法。     

用铬革渣制备L-脯氨酸等六种氨基酸

铬革渣经碱性处理提取蛋白质,用6mol HCl水解,活性炭脱色,调节pH,由732~#阳离子交换树脂初步分离,得到的脯氨酸组分再由717#阴离子交换树脂分离,所得L-脯氨酸洗脱液减压蒸发浓缩,用无水乙醇结晶,得色谱纯L-脯氨酸。在732~#阳离子交换树脂上最后流出的是精氨酸,经处理得色谱纯L-精氨酸盐酸盐。在717~#阴离子交换树脂上分离可分别获得L-谷氨酸、L-天门冬氨酸、L-丙氨酸和甘氨酸。