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451.
为探究两级缺氧/好氧(anoxic/oxic, A/O)工艺处理焦化废水有机污染物转化和细菌群落结构之间的关系,以实际运行的焦化废水处理厂为研究对象,采用傅里叶变换红外光谱和三维荧光光谱对废水中有机污染物官能团与溶解性有机物(dissolved organic matter, DOM)进行分析,并采用高通量测序技术,分析两级A/O工艺中细菌群落结构及其功能的沿程变化. 结果表明:①两级A/O工艺对化学需氧量(COD)、氨氮(NH4+-N)、硫氰酸盐(SCN?)、苯并[a]芘(BaP)、苯酚、挥发酚的去除率均在90%以上. ②各有机污染物的去除与醇类、脂类、醚类、多糖类及羧酸类等物质的C≡N、C—N、C=C、—CO—伸缩振动,以及—NH2和N—H弯曲振动等官能团运动有关,原水中大部分DOM被去除. ③微生物分析表明,硫杆菌(Thiobacillus)为两级A/O工艺的优势菌属(相对丰度为18.85%~31.06%),Fluviicola和norank_f_JG30-KF-CM45的相对丰度与BaP浓度均呈负相关,Arenimonas的相对丰度与挥发酚、苯酚浓度均呈正相关,Bradyrhizobium、Nakamurella、Nitrospira、norank_f_NS9_marine_group、unclassified_f_Rhizobiaceae的相对丰度与挥发酚、苯酚浓度均呈负相关. ④两级A/O工艺中有机污染物的去除与氟苯甲酸酯降解、多环芳烃降解、苯甲酸酯降解等多种代谢途径有关. 研究显示,经两级A/O工艺处理后,焦化废水中的主要污染物均显著去除,并且有机污染物变化均会影响功能微生物相对丰度的改变. 相似文献
452.
收集整理1992年1月至2022年5月长江经济带地区长期定位施肥试验文献,提取并整合了其中农田土壤有机碳的资料.采用归一化处理和变化速率的分析方法,研究长期不同施肥措施下长江经济带地区农田土壤有机碳含量的总体变化,并比较3种耕作模式及不同土壤类型下土壤有机碳含量的变化差异,判断分析试验持续年限长短对土壤有机碳动态的影响.结果表明,在长期不同施肥措施下,我国长江经济带地区农田土壤有机碳含量整体呈上升趋势,无机氮肥磷肥配施(NP)、无机氮磷钾肥配施(NPK)、单独施用有机肥(O)和有机无机肥配施(NPKO)处理均能增加农田土壤的有机碳含量,其中以NPKO处理为最大,而单独施用无机氮肥(N)则会降低土壤有机碳含量.旱田、水田和水旱轮作农田土壤有机碳含量变化速率分别为0.22、 0.24和0.16g·(kg·a)-1,3种耕作模式在土壤固碳效果方面并无显著性差异.O和NPKO处理下所带来的有机碳相对快速增加效应在旱田土壤中的持续年限最高不超过28 a,而在水田及水旱轮作土壤中依然可以持续到28 a以上.在不同的土壤类型下,土壤有机碳含量的变化速率存在着一定的差异,平均有机... 相似文献
453.
Rui Zhang Fan-Xin Zeng Wu-Jun Liu Raymond J. Zeng Hong Jiang 《Environmental management》2014,53(6):1119-1131
Environmental dredging is an efficient means to counteract the eutrophication of water bodies caused by endogenous release of nitrogen and/or phosphorus from polluted sediments. The huge operational cost and subsequent disposal cost of the dredged polluted sediments, as well as the adverse effect on the benthic environment caused by excessive dredging, make the currently adopted dredging methods unfavorable. Precise dredging, i.e., determining the dredging depth based on the pollution level, not only significantly decreases the costs but also leaves a uniform favorable environment for benthos. However, there is still no feasible process to make this promising method executable. Taking a river heavily polluted by organic compounds as an example, we proposed an executable precise dredging process, including sediment survey, model establishment, data interpolation, and calculation of dredging amount. Compared with the traditional dredging method, the precise one would save 16 to 45 % of cost according to different pollutant removal demands. This precise dredging method was adopted by the National Water Project of China to treat the endogenous pollution of Nanfei River in 2010. This research provides a universal scientific and engineering basis for sediment dredging projects. 相似文献
454.
Xuan Zhang Honglei Jiang Yaozong Zhang 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2013,185(6):4693-4704
A data matrix, obtained during a 3-year monitoring period (2007–2009) from 45 sampling sites in Hong Kong marine, was subjected to determine the spatial characterization and identify the sources of main pollutants. Indicator analyses indicated that polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), nickel, manganese, and arsenic (As) were at safe levels. Five heavy metals (zinc, lead, cupper, cadmium, chromium (Cr)) were moderate to severe enrichment at some sites. Inner Deep Bay and Victoria Harbor were considered as hot spots for PAHs and the heavy metals, while Tolo Harbor was highly polluted by the heavy metals. Cluster analysis classified the 45 sampling sites into three groups, representing different pollution levels. Principal component analysis/factor analysis identified four principal components (PCs) and explained 84.9 % of the total variances, standing for persistent pollution, N factor, P and Cr factor, and As factor, respectively. Group A was highly polluted by persistent pollution, group B was the less polluted group, and subgroup B1 was less affected by PC3 and PC4 than subgroup B2. Group C, considered as the moderately polluted group, was greatly affected by N factor or persistent pollution, while subgroup C2 received more N pollution than subgroup C1. 相似文献
455.
456.
457.
Zhao Huixia Zhang Zulu Jiang Luguang . Institute of Geographical Sciences Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China . College of Population Resources Environment Shandong Normal University Jinan Shandong China . Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China 《中国人口.资源与环境(英文版)》2007,5(2):34-40
Based on the data of urban land use obtained by remote sensing interpretation from aero images in 1986 and 2004, the spatial structure of Jinan is studied in this paper with the method of Geographic Information System (GIS). According to the proportion of land for residence, industry and commerce, the urban district can be distinguished into three rings. Compared with the traditional theory of the ring structure in Western coun- tries, they have many distinctive characteristics. The main func- tions of the inner ring include residence, business and banking, but the proportion of residential land (more than 50%) is considerably higher than that of the cities in Western countries. The land proportion for residence and industry in the intermediate ring is equal on the whole. The main land of the outside ring is for industrial use. From 1986 to 2004, great changes have taken place on the land proportion of different types of use. In the inner ring, the land for residential and industrial use has shrunk much while the land for commercial use has increased. In the intermediate ring, the changes of the three types of land use were not very much and the temporal variation was relatively stable. On the contrary, the structure in the outside ring varies acutely. Though most of it is also for industrial use, the proportion of residential land has in- creased much. The three rings can also be divided into several sectors respectively, according to the function of land use clusters. New trends and mechanisms of the changes of land use impacting the urban structure were proposed in the end of the paper. 相似文献
458.
Ci Fang Tao Zhang Ping Li Rongfeng Jiang Shubiao Wu Haiyu Nie Yingcai Wang 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2015,(3):106-114
Shortage in phosphorus(P) resources and P wastewater pollution is considered as a serious problem worldwide. The application of modified biochar for P recovery from wastewater and reuse of recovered P as agricultural fertilizer is a preferred process. This work aims to develop a calcium and magnesium loaded biochar(Ca–Mg/biochar) application for P recovery from biogas fermentation liquid. The physico-chemical characterization, adsorption efficiency, adsorption selectivity, and postsorption availability of Ca-Mg/biochar were investigated. The synthesized Ca–Mg/biochar was rich in organic functional groups and in Ca O and Mg O nanoparticles. With the increase in synthesis temperature, the yield decreased, C content increased, H content decreased, N content remained the same basically, and BET surface area increased. The P adsorption of Ca–Mg/biochar could be accelerated by nano-Ca O and nano-Mg O particles and reached equilibrium after 360 min.The process was endothermic, spontaneous, and showed an increase in the disorder of the solid–liquid interface. Moreover, it could be fitted by the Freundlich model. The maximum P adsorption amounts were 294.22, 315.33, and 326.63 mg/g. The P adsorption selectivity of Ca–Mg/biochar could not be significantly influenced by the typical p H level of biogas fermentation liquid. The nano-Ca O and nano-Mg O particles of Ca–Mg/biochar could reduce the negative interaction effects of coexisting ions. The P releasing amounts of postsorption Ca–Mg/biochar were in the order of Ca–Mg/B600 Ca–Mg/B450 Ca–Mg/B300. Results revealed that postsorption Ca–Mg/biochar can continually release P and is more suitable for an acid environment. 相似文献
459.
Fang Qinhua Zhang Luoping Hong Huasheng Chen Weiqi Jiang Yuwu Chen Bin 《中国人口.资源与环境(英文版)》2006,4(3):45-50
Recently, there has been growing concerns about environmental issues related to urbanization in China. The intense natural resources utilization and increasing population has brought great pressure, especially in coastal areas, consequently affecting the sustainable development of coastal cities. In 2002, Environmental Impact Assessment Act (EIA Act) was enacted in China. Environmental impact assessment targeted at planning, one level of strategic environmental assessment (SEA), thus became a legislative requirement. This paper considers SEA to be one of the important approaches not only to control coastal pollution, but also to conserve coastal ecosystems and finally to achieve sustainable development during urbanization, thus it will be a set an example for other areas of China. The experience of SEA in Xiamen, a coastal city in southeast China, illustrates the potentials of SEA. This paper first briefly introduces the concept and potentials of SEA, then compares two SEA cases and a project EIA case in Xiamen, and finally identifies the key characteristics of SEA. 相似文献
460.