尾砂压缩固结特性试验及e-P曲线模型分析研究

为探索压实度K和含水率ω对铅锌尾砂压缩固结特性的影响,采用WG三联高压固结仪对铅锌尾砂开展了标准固结试验,基于修正后的e—P曲线分析模型来分析铅锌尾砂的压缩固结特性。结果表明:(1)压缩系数av1-2随K增大而减小。当ωωopt时,av1-2在0.034~0.092 MPa-1间波动;当ω≥ωopt时,av1-2随ω增大而增大。ω≥15%时,尾砂属中压缩性土;ω15%时,尾砂属低压缩性土。(2)固结系数Cv随K增大而降低,随ω增大而先增大后减小,ω=9%时Cv最大。(3)修正了e—P模型并优化模型参数,验证了模型的正确性与合理性。该研究结果为尾矿库(坝)的稳定性分析提供了试验和理论基础,为尾矿库的安全运行与回采利用提供科学依据。     

Inverse uncertainty characteristics of pollution source identification for river chemical spill incidents by stochastic analysis

Identifying source information after river chemical spill occurrences is critical for emergency responses. However, the inverse uncertainty characteristics of this kind of pollution source inversion problem have not yet been clearly elucidated. To fill this gap, stochastic analysis approaches, including a regional sensitivity analysis method, identifiability plot and perturbation methods, were employed to conduct an empirical investigation on generic inverse uncertainty characteristics under a well-accepted uncertainty analysis framework. Case studies based on field tracer experiments and synthetic numerical tracer experiments revealed several new rules. For example, the release load can be most easily inverted, and the source location is responsible for the largest uncertainty among the source parameters. The diffusion and convection processes are more sensitive than the dilution and pollutant attenuation processes to the optimization of objective functions in terms of structural uncertainty. The differences among the different objective functions are smaller for instantaneous release than for continuous release cases. Small monitoring errors affect the inversion results only slightly, which can be ignored in practice. Interestingly, the estimated values of the release location and time negatively deviate from the real values, and the extent is positively correlated with the relative size of the mixing zone to the objective river reach. These new findings improve decision making in emergency responses to sudden water pollution and guide the monitoring network design.

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重庆某废铅冶炼厂重金属污染土壤微观结构特性研究

污染土壤微观结构研究中,室内试验制备的土样比较理想,而实际污染现场的土质极其复杂。为研究现场重金属污染土壤微观机理,开展了铅、砷、镉污染等重金属污染土基本物理性质指标试验和微观结构测试。首先,利用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-MS)测定现场土样污染物类型及含量,建立现场土体重金属含量分布;然后,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行表面微观形貌试验,揭示污染土表面微观形貌,并通过颗粒(孔隙)及裂隙图像识别与分析系统(PCAS)定量分析土体试样的孔隙率,分析试样孔隙随重金属污染含量的变化规律;最后,从土壤环境的物质组成与结构及土壤性质方面分析土体微观形貌的变化机理。     

规划环评中景观非生态功能影响评价实例

以景观概念作为融合自然与社会、科学与美学、理性与感性的结合点,研究了景观非生态功能的内涵及其评价技术理论框架,从景观功能中提炼出景观非生态功能概念,初步完成景观非生态功能评价指标体系的构建.评价技术体系设计突出环境影响评价中现状评价的客观性以及影响预测的科学性.以人感尺度下的评价对象——景观单元概念为创新点,该评价体系补充并完善了现有景观评价体系的技术链条,在保证评价精度的前提下,简化并规范了评价工作流程.该评价体系沿用现有环境影响评价所广泛采用的现状评价、影响源分析、影响预测评价及措施建议的技术思路,基本能满足现行技术规范的要求.以武汉市后官湖生态宜居新城规划环评为例,验证了该体系的可操作性,为我国规划环评在景观评价技术领域的发展提供理论和实践参考.      

Species and distribution of rare earth elements in the Baotou section of the Yellow River in China

This paper analyses the contents and species distributions of rare earth elements (REEs) in the water-suspended particulate-sediment system of the Baotou section of the Yellow River, China, with known anthropogenic REE input from industrial discharges. The major forms of REEs were suspended and dissolved in the mainstream and the tributaries of the Baotou section, respectively. The concentrations of the dissolved and suspended REEs had the same trends in the overlying water along the mainstream, which increased from the Seqi section (site A) to the mouth of the Sidaosha River (site D), reaching a maximum value at site D, and tending to decrease thereafter. The contents of REEs in sediment cores showed enrichment with light rare earth elements (LREEs). The bound to carbonates and to Fe–Mn oxides are the major forms of REE in the secondary phase and the REE exhibited LREE enrichment pattern and moderate Eu depletion in suspended particulates and surface sediments. The contents and species distributions of REEs in the water-suspended particulate-sediment system of the Baotou section suggest that the anthropogenic source of REEs from Baotou city have enhanced REE accumulation to the Baotou section. This information is important for predicting possible pollution resulting from anthropogenic REE input into rivers.     

电袋复合型除尘器在电厂除尘改造中的应用

介绍晋北铝业自备电厂4台240t/h锅炉电除尘器改造成电袋复合型除尘器的方案、原理、运行情况,为国内燃煤电厂的电除尘器改造提供借鉴和参考。     

宜兴市清源污水处理厂升级改造工艺设计

宜兴市清源污水处理厂升级改造工程设计规模5×104m3/d,采用强化生物脱氮、机械微过滤(盘片过滤)工艺,利用现有池容进行内部改造,同时增加深度处理设施,提高出水标准,改造后出水ρ(COD)、ρ(BOD5)、ρ(SS)、ρ(NH3-N)、ρ(TN)和ρ(TP)平均值分别为34,6,5,1.3,10.3和0.36mg/L,各项水质指标均达GB18918-2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级A标准。     

绿色环保、高效节能、资源循环利用的清洁炼钢厂

主要介绍宝钢集团浦钢搬迁罗泾工程为建设绿色环保、高效节能、资源循环利用的现代清洁炼钢厂所采用的工艺技术、技术装备和技术措施。对炼钢工程中所采用的各种工艺技术、技术装备和技术措施等进行说明和分析。     

Modeling the population dynamics of cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) over a wide area in northern China

The cotton bollworm Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the most serious crop pests in northern China, calling for accurate prediction of pest outbreaks and strategies for pest control. A computer model is developed to simulate the population dynamics of H. armigera over a wide area in northern China. The area considered covers 12 provinces where serious outbreaks of H. armigera have been observed. In this model, pest development is driven by local ambient temperature, and adults migrate long distances between regions and select preferred hosts for oviposition within a region. Six types of host including cotton, wheat, corn, peanut, soybean and a single category composed of all other minor hosts are considered in this model. Survival rates of eggs and larvae are based on life-table data, and simulated as a function of host type, host phenology and temperature. The incidence of diapause depends on temperature and photoperiod experienced during the larval stage. Survival rate of non-diapause pupae is a nonlinear function of rainfall, and overwinter survival rate is a nonlinear function of temperature. Insecticide is applied when population density exceeds the economic threshold on a host crop within a region. Comparisons of model output with light-trap data indicate that our model reflects the pest population dynamics over a wide area, and could potentially be used for testing novel pest control strategies in northern China.     

Removal of chelated copper from wastewaters by Fe<Superscript>2+</Superscript>-based replacement–precipitation

We studied the removal mechanism and affecting factors of Fe²⁺-based replacement–precipitation process for treating CuEDTA-containing wastewaters. Since Fe²⁺ was easily oxidized to Fe³⁺ in the presence of oxygen, the chelated copper was removed by the synergetic effect of Fe³⁺ replacement and NaOH precipitation. Our experiments showed that the copper removal efficiency was considerably dependant on pH conditions of the solution and molar ratio of Fe²⁺/Cu²⁺.