用喷射鼓泡反应器进行烟气脱硫

介绍了采用喷射鼓泡反应器处理烟气量为7 000~10 000 m3/h的软锰矿浆烟气脱硫中试试验。试验中,对喷射鼓泡反应器及系统的阻力进行了测定,考察了不同品位、不同液固比的软锰矿条件及系统连续运行时的脱硫率和锰浸出率。中试表明,在液固比为(2~3)∶1、矿粉粒度约为100目的连续运行条件下,无论是选用品位高的钦锰矿还是品位低的软锰矿,系统运行稳定,且脱硫率保持在90%以上,锰浸出率在70%以上。吸收液经净化处理后得到的MnSO4.H2O产品可达到国家GB1622—86标准。     

经济新常态下的“十三五”环境压力预测

我国经济已经从高速增长转向中高速增长的新常态阶段,经济发展方式从规模速度型粗放增长转向质量效率型集约增长,产业结构从劳动密集型向资金密集型和知识密集型转换,经济发展动力从要素驱动、投资驱动转向创新驱动。经济新常态下,环境保护将迎来难得的历史机遇,同时也面临严峻的挑战。为了深入理解和准确把握经济新常态下我国"环境态"的发展特征,本文基于中长期环境经济预测模型定量测算了2020年我国社会经济、能源和水资源以及主要污染物排放趋势和特征。结果表明,"十三五"期间,我国能源和水资源消耗总量增长将趋缓,新增消耗量进入涨幅收窄期;产业转型升级加速将从源头上减轻新增污染减排的压力,主要大气和水污染物排放将进入高位平台期,排放强度将呈现高位回落。     

地理信息系统技术在环境中的应用

地理信息系统(GIS)技术现已广泛应用于环境领域。简要介绍了该技术的功能特点,并从大气、水、土壤、噪声四个方面探讨了GIS在环境保护中的应用。研究结果表明,GIS是研究环境子系统协同效应的实用技术。     

旅游对峨眉山生态环境的影响及保护对策

随着旅游业的发展和游人数目的增加,峨眉山的生态环境正受到严重损害,大气中ＳＯ２浓度局部超标,ＮＯｘ浓度日益上升,雨,雾和土壤普遍酸化,高山区主要风景林冷杉衰亡严重。旅游 散地的危害明显高于其他地区。本文提出了坚持保护第一,开发第二的方针,增加旅游容量,合理分流游人;介导以电代煤,生活污水,固体废物集中处理。     

南海高温高压含CO2气井管柱腐蚀适用性评价

目的 明确南海高温高压含CO2气井管柱材料腐蚀适用性,指导现场管柱材料选择.方法 采用高温高压釜腐蚀实验仪器对井筒高温高压环境条件下不同材料腐蚀速率进行实验分析,并采用扫描电镜及能谱分析仪对腐蚀实验后试样腐蚀形貌进行分析,评价不同井筒环境下管柱材料腐蚀适用性.结果 150℃条件下,材料腐蚀速率随分压的增加而增大,同时随...     

混凝沉淀过程中铝系混凝剂的形态转化规律

研究了模拟配水中硫酸铝和氯化铝2种传统铝凝聚剂和2种聚合氯化铝(PAC)絮凝剂在混凝过程中的形态转化规律以及原水浊度和溶解性有机碳(DOC)对残余铝形态分布的影响.结果表明,在低浊体系中,投加铝系混凝剂是导致出水余铝升高的主要原因;但在高浊体系中,铝系混凝剂,尤其是聚合铝具有一定的除铝功能;混凝沉淀过程中传统铝凝聚剂的残余铝总量明显高于聚合铝混凝剂的残余铝总量;聚合铝混凝剂的残余铝全部为悬浮态铝,传统铝混凝剂的残余铝中还存在着胶体态铝和溶解态铝.原水浊度和DOC浓度增加,会提高残余铝中胶体态铝和溶解态铝的含量.     

水热变化对三峡水库消落带紫色土有机碳矿化的影响

通过野外采样和室内模拟培养试验,研究水热变化对三峡水库消落带紫色土有机碳(SOC)矿化的影响.试验共设3个培养温度(10、20和30℃)和4个水分梯度[40%田间持水量(WHC)、70%WHC、100%WHC和淹水].在66 d培养期内,SOC累积矿化量表现为100%WHC处理下的最大,但与淹水之间差异不显著(P0.05).10℃和20℃时,100%WHC和淹水下的SOC累积矿化量与70%WHC无明显差异,但要显著高于40%WHC,而30℃时100%WHC和淹水下的累积矿化量则要显著高于70%WHC和40%WHC(P0.05),这表明相较于70%WHC的水分处理,高水分(100%WHC和淹水)对SOC矿化无抑制效应甚至在高温(30℃)下有促进作用.在相同水分条件下,消落带紫色土SOC累积矿化量均随培养温度升高而增加.另外,方差分析可知,温度和水分均能显著影响消落带紫色土SOC的累积矿化量,且二者有明显交互效应(P0.05).双库一级矿化动力学模型拟合结果表明,水分和温度通过影响消落带紫色土易分解有机碳含量和难分解有机碳的矿化速率,致使各处理之间SOC累积矿化量存在差异,其中高温条件下水分影响最为突出.随着温度的升高,低水分(40%WHC)下消落带紫色土SOC矿化的温度敏感性显著下降,而在土壤含水量≥70%WHC下则无明显变化.     

Expression of sulfur uptake assimilation-related genes in response to cadmium, bensulfuron-methyl and their co-contamination in rice roots

The responses of sulfur （S） uptake assimilation-related genes＇ expression in roots of two rice cultivars to cadmium （Cd）, bensulfuron-methyl （BSM） and their co-contamination （Cd＋BSM） were investigated by gene-chip microarray analysis and quantitative real-time PCR （QRT-PCR） technology. Treatments of Cd and Cd＋BSM induced expression of sulfate transporter and permease genes, and promoted sulfate uptake in rice roots. Cd＋BSM could alleviate Cd toxicity to cv. Fengmeizhan seedlings, probably due to Cd＋BSM promoting greater S absorption by seedlings. Cd and Cd＋BSM induced expression of sulfate assimilation-related genes, and thus activated the sulfur assimilation pathway. Cd and Cd＋BSM induced expression of phytochelatin synthase and metallothionein genes, and induced expression of glutathione S-transferases （GSTs）, glutathione synthase （GS） and S- containing antioxidation enzyme genes, which detoxified Cd2＋. It is suggested that （to cope with the toxicity of Cd, BSM and their co-contamination） the S uptake and assimilation pathway was activated in rice roots by increased expression of related genes, thus enhancing the supply of organic S for synthesis of Cd or BSM resistance-related substances.     

下凹式绿地对城市降雨径流污染的削减效应

以现场7次降雨14组径流污染监测数据为基础,探讨了下凹式绿地对城市降雨径流污染的削减效应,分析了径流污染负荷、绿地土壤与覆被植物、降雨历时等因素对污染削减率的影响.结果表明,当COD,NH4+-N和TP的浓度分别为56.0~216.0,0.27~2.97,0.20~0.95mg/L时,下凹式绿地对COD,NH4+-N和TP的平均削减率为52.21%,48.98%和47.35%.下凹式绿地对径流污染的削减过程可分为2个阶段:初期1h的径流污染削减率符合一级动力学模式,后期径流污染削减规律可用二级动力学模式表示.降雨历时增加可提高污染物削减率,当降雨历时约从3h增加到20h时,径流污染的综合削减率可从40%上升到65%.     

Comparison of quartz sand, anthracite, shale and biological ceramsite for adsorptive removal of phosphorus from aqueous solution

The choice of substrates with high phosphorus adsorption capacity is vital for sustainable phosphorus removal from waste water in constructed wetlands. In this study, four substrates were used： quartz sand, anthracite, shale and biological ceramsite. These substrate samples were characterized by X- ray diffractometry and scanning electron microscopy studies for their mineral components （chemical components） and surface characteristics. The dynamic experimental results revealed the following ranking order for total phosphorus （TP） removal efficiency： anthracite 〉 biological ceramsite 〉 shale 〉 quartz sand. The adsorptive removal capacities for TP using anthracite, biological ceramsite, shale and quartz sand were 85.87, 81.44, 59.65, and 55.98 mg/kg, respectively. Phosphorus desorption was also studied to analyze the substrates＇ adsorption efficiency in wastewater treatment as well as the substrates＇ ability to be reused for treatment. It was noted that the removal performance for the different forms of phosphorus was dependent on the nature of the substrate and the adsorption mechanism. A comparative analysis showed that the removal of particulate phosphorus was much easier using shale. Whereas anthracite had the highest soluble reactive phosphorus （SRP） adsorptive capacity, biological ceramsite had the highest dissolved organic phosphorus （DOP） removal capacity. Phosphorus removal by shale and biological ceramsite was mainly through chemical adsorption, precipitation or biological adsorption. On the other hand, phosphorus removal through physical adsorption （electrostatic attraction or ion exchange） was dominant in anthracite and quartz sand.