关于完善中国生态补偿机制若干问题的研究

随着中国经济的迅速发展,生态和环境问题已经成为阻碍经济社会发展的瓶颈.近年提出的科学发展观,对生态建设给予高度重视.建立完善的生态补偿机制,已经成为解决生态环境问题的核心问题,文章对生态补偿的定义、理论基础进行了阐述,根据国内外生态补偿发展的最新状况,结合中国目前生态补偿机制出现的问题如生态补偿标准不合理,补偿机制缺乏有效的法律基础,现行的资源税费未能反映生态补偿的内容,没有建立完善的良性融资机制,各行业与管理部门的条块分割等,提出了完善中国生态补偿机制的对策.     

A polyiodide with regular I 4 2− chains: Tl6PbI10

The Science of Nature -     

"数字地球"在环境保护中的应用

本文介绍了“数字地球”的概念，并从其主要技术角度阐述了“数字地球”在环境监测和环境保护中的应用。     

Land use as a mitigation strategy for the water-quality impacts of global warming: a scenario analysis on two watersheds in the Ohio River Basin

This study uses an integrative approach to study the water-quality impacts of future global climate and land-use changes. In this study, changing land-use types was used as a mitigation strategy to reduce the adverse impacts of global climate change on water resources. The climate scenarios were based on projections made by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the United Kingdom Hadley Centre's climate model (HadCM2). The Thornthwaite water-balance model was coupled with a land-use model (L-THIA) to investigate the hydrologic effects of future climate and land-use changes in the Ohio River Basin. The land-use model is based on the Soil Conservation Service's curve-number method. It uses the curve number, an index of land use and soil type, to calculate runoff volume and depth. The ArcView programming language, Avenue, was used to integrate the two models into a geographic information system (GIS). An output of the water-balance model, daily precipitation values adjusted for potential evapotranspiration, served as one of the inputs into the land-use model. Two watersheds were used in the present study: one containing the city of Cincinnati on the main stem of the Ohio River, and one containing the city of Columbus on a tributary of the Ohio River. These cities represent two major metropolitan areas in the Ohio River Basin with different land uses experiencing different rates of population growth. The projected hypothetical land-use changes were based on linear extrapolations of current population data. Results of the analyses indicate that conversion from agricultural land use to low-density residential land use may decrease the amount of surface runoff. The land-use practices which generate the least amount of runoff are forest, low-density residential, and agriculture; whereas high-density residential and commercial land-use types produce the highest runoff. The hydrologic soil type present was also an important factor in determining the amount of runoff and non-point-source pollution. A runoff-depth matrix and total nitrogen matrix were created for Cincinnati and Columbus to describe possible land-use mitigation measures in response to global climate change. The differences in Cincinnati and Columbus were due to differences in geographic location, air temperature, and total runoff. The results of this study may be useful to planners and policy makers for defining the possible impacts of future global climate and land-use changes on water resources.     

Vacuum energy in a Friedmann-Lemaître cosmos

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