政府与排污企业间的动态激励监控关系研究

科学的监督和有效的管理是实现环境可持续发展的必由之路,政府与排污企业的博弈是一个值得关注的重要问题。基于声誉理论,论文建立了政府与排污企业问的静态与动态激励监控模型,结论认为在动态激励监督下政府的总效用实现了帕累托改善,研究表明考虑以往业绩的两阶段最优契约对排污企业具有明显的声誉激励效应,同时表明监控机制和激励契约具有互补性,最后对机制设计中的控制参数的灵敏度以及模型的鲁棒性进行了探讨,可为政府制定合理的激励监督措施提供理论参考依据。     

环渤海滨海湿地土壤磷形态特征研究

利用SMT分级方法和液相31P核磁共振分析方法,研究了环渤海典型滨海湿地表层土壤磷形态.结果发现,湿地土壤中总磷在410.35~691.57 mg·kg-1之间,其中以HCl-P为主,占总磷的46.67%~82.95%;较易释放的Na OH-P含量较少,占4.98%~22.31%;同时,由于有机质含量丰富,有机磷含量也较高,在受水产养殖污染的湿地中,有机磷含量明显偏高.使用31P-NMR技术在湿地土壤中共检测到6类磷化合物:正磷酸盐(Ortho-P)、磷酸单酯(Mono-P)、磷脂(Lipid-P)、DNA磷(DNA-P)、焦磷酸盐(Pyro-P)及膦酸盐(Phon-P),其中以正磷酸盐为主,含量在181.69~350.64 mg·kg-1之间;磷酸单酯为有机磷的主要组分,占总量的5.25%~37.17%.渤海湾南部湿地土壤中有机磷含量明显高于北部湿地,以稳定性较高的磷酸单酯为主,同时,DNA磷较多地存在于南部湿地,北部湿地含量极少,说明南部湿地微生物活性较高.     

Temporal variation of PM2.5-associated health effects in Shijiazhuang,Hebei

•Annual mean PM_2.5 in Shijiazhuang were 87, 95, and 82 µg/m³ in 2015–2017. •Health risk of cardiovascular system was higher than respiratory system. •Premature mortality attributed to PM_2.5 was 5088 people in 2017. •ΔMort and YLL reduced by 84.2% and 84.6% when PM_2.5 reduced to 10 µg/m³. •Health risks due to PM_2.5 were severe in Shijiazhuang in 2015–2017. Shijiazhuang is one of the cities in the North China Plain. In recent decades, this city has experienced high levels of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), which have potentially significant effects on human health. In this study, the health effects of PM_2.5 exposure in Shijiazhuang were estimated by applying an integrated exposure-response model. Premature mortality, years of life lost (YLL), and the mortality benefits linked to reduced levels of PM_2.5 were quantified for the period 2015–2017. In 2015, 2016, and 2017, cerebrovascular diseases caused the highest premature mortality (2432, 2449, and 2483, respectively), followed by ischemic heart diseases (1391, 1479, and 1493, respectively), lung cancer (639,660, and 639, respectively), and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (533, 519, and 473, respectively). Notably, the total number of premature deaths caused by PM_2.5 exposure in Shijiazhuang in 2015, 2016, and 2017 were 4994, 5107, and 5088, respectively. Moreover, the YLL in the same years were 47001, 47880 and 47381, respectively. Interestingly, the YLL per 1000 females was lower than that per 1000 males. Finally, we noted that premature mortality and YLL decreased by 84.2% and 84.6% when the PM_2.5 levels diminished to 10 µg/m³. Overall, the results of this study improve our understanding of how high PM_2.5 concentrations affect human health and suggest the application of more stringent measures in Shijiazhuang to alleviate the associated health risks.     

微波辅助法合成纳米ReFeO3光催化剂

以稀土金属硝酸盐La(NO₃)₃、Sm(NO₃)₃、Eu(NO₃)₃、Gd(NO₃)₃和Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O为原材料, 以活性炭为模板剂,聚乙烯醇(PVA)和尿素分别用作阻聚剂和均相沉淀剂,在微波辐照下制得纳米钙钛矿型化合物ReFeO₃(Re:La,Sm,Eu,Gd)。用X射线粉末衍射仪(XRD)、UV-vis漫反射仪(DRS)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对产物组成、结构、颗粒大小、形貌等进行了表征,结果表明产物均为单一钙钛矿结构的纳米颗粒。以产物为光催化剂,在可见光照射下对罗丹明B水溶液进行光催化降解实验,发现该类化合物均具有较好的光催化活性,180 min内对罗丹明B的脱色率均达到85%以上。     

电袋复合式除尘在煤矸石电厂中的应用

通过对目前电厂常用除尘技术进行对比分析,以宁夏宁东煤矸石电厂双电双袋除尘器为例,详细列出其设计参数、运行工况、烟尘排放浓度及除尘效率,分析其除尘效果,得出电袋复合式除尘有机地结合了电除尘和袋式除尘的优点,具有耗电量低、治理成本低、适应性强,不受煤种、烟尘特性影响,除尘效率高的优点;煤质较差的煤矸石电厂采用电袋复合式除尘技术烟尘排放浓度可稳定达到50 mg/m3的标准,满足GB 13223—2003《火电厂大气污染物排放标准》要求;但要达到GB 13223—2011《火电厂大气污染物排放标准》烟尘排放浓度低于30 mg/m3的标准,则应进一步优化运行方式,加强设备的管理维护,进一步提高净化效率,方可满足日益严格的环保要求。     

洞庭湖区农业生产条件演变趋势分析

根据洞庭湖的自身特点，结合修建三峡工程可能产生的对洞庭湖的影响，分析了建坝后洞庭湖区农业生产条件的演变趋势。     

嘉兴市环境库兹涅茨曲线特征分析

环境库兹涅茨曲线(EKC)暗含了对经济增长和环境之间的发展战略。运用EKC理论模型,对嘉兴市工业"三废"排放量与人均GDP之间关系进行分析,发现工业废水、工业废气、工业固体废弃物排放量与人均GDP之间的关系分别为N型、倒U型左侧上升阶段、倒U型左侧接近拐点,表明嘉兴市经济增长还处在加重环境负担的阶段,还未实现环境与经济的协调发展。引起工业废水、工业废气排放量居高不下的原因分别是嘉兴市产业结构特点和能源结构特点。建议优化产业结构,调整能源结构,推进循环经济发展,争取早日跨越环境库兹涅茨曲线拐点,实现环境经济的协调发展。     

城市生活垃圾处理技术初探

垃圾污染作为特殊的社会问题，正日益尖锐地摆在我们面前。初步探讨了有关适合我国国情的城市生活垃圾的收集及处理技术。