中国战略环评与项目环评联动机制研究

战略环评着眼于政策、规划的实施可能带来的环境影响,项目环评主要解决项目实施可能带来的环境影响,而战略环评与项目环评均是环评体系不可或缺的部分,建立两者之间的联动机制,有利于环评体系成为一个完整而和谐的体系.首先分析国内外战略环评与项目环评联动机制的研究现状,识别影响中国战略环评与项目环评联动的因素,其次建立中国战略环评与项目环评联动机制框架,最后提出完善战略环评与项目环评联动机制的对策.     

对公众参与环境影响评价制度的探讨

公众参与是环境影响评价中的重要内容.本文针对当前在环境影响评价中公众参与的现状,指出公众参与在环境影响评价中的问题,提出一系列政策建议.促使公众在环境影响评价中发挥其应有的作用,保障政府决策的正确性和可持续性.     

渭河陕西段水体重金属污染现状及其来源探析

基于重金属及常规监测指标实测数据,对渭河陕西段水体重金属的污染现状进行评价,利用主成分分析等对重金属(Hg、As、Pb、Cd、Cr、Ni、Ca和Zn)与常规监测指标(NH₃-N浓度、COD、EC、DO浓度和pH)的相关性及其来源进行研究。结果表明:渭河陕西段水体中As、Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Zn浓度均在GB 3838—2002《地表水环境质量标准》Ⅰ~Ⅱ类标准限值内,Ni浓度低于《集中式生活饮用水地表水源地特定项目》标准限值;渭河陕西段水体存在Hg污染。重金属与常规监测指标有不同程度的相关性,其中As、Cr、Ni与NH₃-N呈显著正相关;As、Pb、Cd与EC呈极显著正相关;As与DO呈极显著负相关。主成分分析表明,第一主成分主要包括As、Pb、Cr、Ni、Cu,与NH₃-N同源,主要与工业、生活等人为活动污染有关;第二主成分主要包括Cd和Zn,主要为地球化学来源。     

蓄热式热氧化炉处理涂布有机废气可行性分析研究

智能节能膜生产的涂布干燥过程中产生大量有机废气,主要污染因子是乙酸乙酯、丁酮等,通过对蓄热式热氧化炉运行原理及对涂布干燥产生的有机废气处理效率的介绍,举例计算去除有机废气过程中天然气消耗量和燃烧天然气产生的二次污染物氮氧化物的量,同时介绍多种常用有机废气处理方法的原理,并对多种有机废气的处理效率、主要优点、缺点等对比,从经济、技术角度对蓄热式热氧化炉处理智能节能膜涂布干燥有机废气的可行性进行分析.     

Long-term (≥20 years) application of fertilizers and straw return enhances soil carbon storage: a meta-analysis

Increasing soil carbon (C) storage is crucial to addressing climate change and ensuring food security. The C sequestration potential of the world’s cropland soil is 0.4–0.8 Pg soil C year^?1, which may be achieved through the adoption of recommended management practices (RMPs), including fertilizer management. This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the influence of long-term application of different fertilizers and straw retention on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, to compare the calculated response ratios with Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)-recommended default relative stock change factors, and to propose recommendations for enhancing SOC sequestration. The meta-analysis indicated that the long-term application of chemical fertilizers (CF), organic fertilizers (OF), combined chemical and organic fertilizers (CFOF), and straw return (SR) significantly enhanced the SOC storage. Response ratios varied significantly (p < 0.05) across different fertilization measures and climatic zones, and was sensitive to the initial SOC content. The mean response ratio was 0.94 for no fertilizer (NF), 1.08 for CF, 1.48 for OF, 1.38 for CFOF, and 1.28 for SR. When IPCC default values for response ratios were applied, SOC storage with OF and CFOF treatments in warm temperate regions with a dry climate was underestimated by 26%, and in the cool temperate region with a moist climate was overestimated by 25% (p < 0.05). Analysis showed that sustained application of organic fertilizers and straw return could be a beneficial measures to mitigate climate change and ensure food security in China. Our findings highlight the importance of deriving SOC stock change factors for a detailed classification of cropland by fertilizer management, climate, and soil types in order to more accurately reflect the effects of policy measures.     

Thirty-year amendment of horse manure and chemical fertilizer on the availability of micronutrients at the aggregate scale in black soil

Purpose

This study evaluates manure and chemical fertilizer effects on micronutrient (Fe, Mn, Cu, and Zn) content and availability in crops.

Methods

Seven treatments were selected, including three conventional fertilization treatments (NP, horse manure (M), and NP plus M (NPM)), three corresponding double rate fertilization (N2P2, M2, and N2P2M2), and a CK. Soil samples were collected and separated into four aggregates by wet-sieving in September 2009. Corn samples were collected and analyzed simultaneously.

Results

Treatment N2P2 increased DTPA extractable Fe, Mn, and Cu in soil by 732%, 388%, and 42%, whereas M2 decreased the corresponding values by 26%, 22%, and 10%, respectively, compared to CK. DTPA extractable Zn in soil and Zn in corn grain were higher in the M and M2 treatments than in the other treatments, and DTPA Zn was significantly correlated with soil organic carbon (SOC) in large macroaggregate, microaggregate, and silt + clay fractions. The Mn concentrations in corn stalks and grain were significantly correlated with DTPA extractable Mn in bulk soil and microaggregates, and Zn in stalks were significantly correlated with DTPA Zn in bulk soil, microaggregates, and large macroaggregates.

Conclusions

Long-term application of horse manure could increase soil Zn availability and uptake by corn, possibly due to its activation by SOC. In contrast, chemical fertilizer application increased DTPA extractable Fe, Mn, and Cu in soil by reducing soil pH. Our results also suggest that Mn uptake by corn originated mainly in microaggregates, whereas Zn in crops was primarily sourced from large macroaggregates and microaggregates.     

2021年春节期间陕西省烟花爆竹燃放对PM2.5的影响

通过对比2021年春节烟花爆竹集中燃放时段和前期非集中燃放时段的PM_2.5浓度及特征组分浓度,分析了烟花爆竹集中燃放对陕西省PM_2.5的影响情况。分析结果显示,2021年春节烟花爆竹集中燃放时段,关中和陕南地区PM_2.5浓度增幅大且高值持续时间长,陕北地区PM_2.5浓度增幅小且高值持续时间短。陕北和陕南地区PM_2.5小时浓度峰值出现在2月12日(初一)00:00前后,关中地区略晚。西安市PM_2.5特征组分中,K⁺、Cl^-、SO₄^2-、NO₃^-、Mg²⁺、Al³⁺、Cu²⁺、Si²⁺、Ba²⁺的浓度分别为6.61、7.20、12.83、23.96、1.36、2.91、0.23、0.27、0.86 μg/m³,明显高于非集中燃放时段。烟花爆竹燃放对陕南地区PM_2.5的贡献率和贡献量均高于关中和陕北地区;对郊县PM_2.5的贡献率高于城区,且对郊县的贡献率正值的出现时间早于城区。除榆林市外,陕西省其他城市的城区均受到了相关郊县烟花爆竹燃放的影响。     

Preliminary evaluation of evaluation of the efficiency of aircraft liquid waste treatment using resolvable sanitizing liquid: a case study in Changchun

The physical, chemical, and biological indices of aircraft liquid wastes collected from multiple airplanes at Longjia Airport, Changchun, China were measured according to "Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard," evaluating treatment efficiency of resolvable sanitizing liquid. The results indicate that, after being treated by the resolvable sanitizing liquid, the indices of all first-class pollutants met the requirements of the standard, while among the second-class pollutants, the suspension content, biochemical oxygen demand after 5 days, and chemical oxygen demand as well as the contents of amino nitrogen, total phosphorus, anionic surfactants, total copper, absorbable organic halogen, and phenolic compounds did not reach the discharge standard. Particularly, the level of fecal coliform bacteria in the aircraft liquid wastes can meet the standard specification by adding more than 1 mL/L resolvable sanitizing liquid. The aircraft wastewater treated by resolvable sanitizing liquid cannot be directly discharged back into the environment as well as urban drainage systems.