烟道气脱硫脱硝一体化技术进展＊

烟道气中SO2、NOx往往同时存在,但是实际中脱SO2、脱NOx两个过程相互影响,妨碍了两种污染物质的脱除。联合脱硫脱硝技术是烟气治理的发展方向。系统介绍了利用催化剂、类水滑石复合氧化物、活性炭、固体废物、电子束、脉冲电晕等脱硫脱硝的一体化技术,分析了其脱除过程及相关反应原理。比较探讨了各种方法的特点、应用情况,并对各类技术的应用前景进行了展望。     

全球近期灾害录(2008．12．11—2009．2．10)

浙江甬金高速绍兴段数车追尾6人死亡2008年12月11日,浙江省甬(宁波)金(金华)高速公路绍兴段发生一起严重交通事故,造成6人死亡。     

防震救灾：高科技之路

高新技术在防震减灾事业中的作用与地位．在1999年8月17日土耳其7.4级地震抗震救灾中大显身手．充分显示出威力和作用．使我们在抢险救灾时面对被埋压人员的用境和无奈时看到了希望．得到解脱。从中醒悟到,科学技术是防震减灾的重要手段．是推动减灾事业发展的推动力。在防灾上．科技含量越高．伤亡人数就会越少;在救灾上,高科技手段越多．从死亡边缘拉回来的人就越多。在2008年四川汶川大地震抗震救灾中．卫星遥感等先进技术也发挥突出的作用．为抢救人民生命财产赢得了时间．提供准确的信息支持。     

Sediment integrative assessment of the Bay of Cádiz (Spain): An ecotoxicological and chemical approach

This study consisted of the sediment toxicity assessment of the Bay of Cádiz based on two endpoints: growth inhibition for Cylindrotheca closterium (benthic microalgae) and fecundity inhibition for Tisbe battagliai (harpacticoid copepod). A new methodology to eliminate (but not as storage technique) the autochthonous biota present in the sediment samples by immersing them in liquid nitrogen (? 196 °C) was also assessed. Sediment toxicity data showed different toxicity levels for both organisms. In general, T. battagliai was more sensitive; however a good correlation (r = 0.75; p  < 0.05) between sediment toxicity results for both species was found. Data in pore water (pH, redox potential, and toxicity for microalgae and copepod) and sediment (pH, redox potential, organic carbon, and metal concentrations) demonstrated that ultra-freezing did not alter sample characteristics; thus, this technique can be adopted as a pre-treatment in whole-sediment toxicity tests in order to avoid misleading results due to presence of autochthonous biota. Multivariate statistical analysis such as cluster and principal component analysis using chemical and ecotoxicological data were employed. Silt and organic matter percentage and lead concentration were found to be the factors that explain about 77% of sediment toxicity in the Bay of Cádiz. Assay methodology determined in this study for both assayed species is considered adequate to be used in sediment toxicity monitoring programs. Results obtained using both species show that the Bay of Cádiz can be considered a moderately polluted zone.     

Evolution Rules of Urban-rural Development and Inspiration for China’s Agriculture

Based on urban-rural contrast coefficient,this article designs the agriculture relative development index(ARDI) as indicators measuring the intensity of urban-rural dual structure which is comparable among the countries of the world.This article calculates ARDI of 40 countries from 1980 to 2004.The result shows that ARDI in the developed countries and most of the middle-income countries are rising and yet there are declines in most of the low-income countries.The result also showed that most countries’ ARDI...     

Gas/particle partitioning of atmospheric PCDD/Fs in a satellite town in Eastern China

Gas/particle partitioning of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in ambient air was investigated in a satellite town in Eastern China from April 2007 to January 2008 comprehending large temperature variations (from 3 to 34 °C, daily average). Molecular weight, molecular structure and ambient temperatures are the three major factors that govern the gas/particle partitioning of atmospheric PCDD/Fs throughout the year. Generally, good agreements were obtained (except for winter) between measured particulate fractions and theoretical estimates of both the Junge–Pankow adsorption model and Harner Bidleman absorption model using different sets of subcooled liquid vapor pressure and octanol–air partition coefficient (K_oa), respectively. Models utilizing estimates, derived from gas chromatographic retention indices (GC-RIs), are more accurate than that of entropy-based. Moreover, during winter, the K_oa-based model using the GC-RIs approach performs better on lower chlorinated PCDD/Fs than that of -based. Furthermore, possible sources of mismatch between measured and predicted values in winter (3–7 °C) were discussed. Gas adsorption artifact was demonstrated to be of minor importance for the phenomena observed. On the other hand, large deviations of slopes (m_r) and intercepts (b_r) in logK_p vs. plots from theoretical values are observed in the literature data and these are found to be linearly correlated with ambient temperatures (P<0.001) in this study. This indicates that the non-equilibrium partitioning of PCDD/Fs in winter may be significantly influenced by the colder temperatures that may have slowed down the exchange between gaseous and particulate fractions.     

衡水市空气主要污染物体积质量的时间分布特征

利用衡水市环境监测站2005—2007年度大气例行检测的数据,对衡水市大气中主要污染物SO^2、NO^2、PM10体积质量值的逐日数据进行统计分析,得出了衡水市空气污染的现状和时间变化规律：（1）污染物体积质量值的月变化曲线呈槽型分布,非取暖期的空气状况明显好于取暖期,取暖期SO^2平均体积质量是非取暖期的2．45倍;（2）污染物体积质量值的日变化曲线基本为两高两低型,其中取暖期污染指数早晨出现极高值的时间比非取暖期明显偏晚;（3）污染物体积质量值的年变化表明了SO^2的体积质量在降低,而NO^2的体积质量却有了小幅增长。     

多级模糊综合评价方法在航空企业安全评价中的应用

基于模糊数学理论,简述了模糊综合评价数学模型的建模步骤,并将其引入航空工业企业安全评价.在建立多层次安全评价指标体系的基础上,通过定性与定量相结合的层次分析法确定评价因素的权重.以航空工业某企业的实际管理情况为例,把企业系统分成若干个评价单元,进行模糊层次分析评价,运用评价安全等级特征向量对模糊综合评价结果进行处理,得出了企业的安全等级,从而为企业制定防范措施和管理决策提供科学依据.研究表明,该方法可操作性强、效果较好,可在航空工业企业的安全评价中广泛应用.     

GIS罐体内部异物清理机器人的研发与应用

针对气体绝缘金属封闭开关设备( gas insulated switchgear, GIS)内部异物颗粒引起设备内部电场畸变,从而造成设备闪络故障问题,通过对异物颗粒的产生原因及影响因素进行分析,研制了一种GIS罐体内部异物颗粒清理机器人,实现了GIS设备内部可视化异物清理功能。应用结果表明:机器人检测不仅提高了750kV GIS内部缺陷检查的效率,而且保证了检测人员的安全,为GIS状态检修提供了有效技术支持。     

基于Ap/Vp的双薄壁高墩刚构桥抗震性能研究

为了研究地震频谱特性对柔性桥梁抗震性能的影响,以正弦波为例推导了地震动能量与A_p/V_p的关系,基于能力需求比提出了桥梁抗震性能评估方法及计算公式。以某典型高墩连续刚构桥为工程背景,采用地震动参数A_p=0.4g的22条正弦波和7条实际地震记录,对比研究了桥梁纵、横向抗震性能随A_p/V_p的变化规律。结果表明:在地震动参数A_p相同的情况下,桥梁关键截面抗震能力需求比在纵、横桥向均随A_p/V_p的增大而呈现增长的规律,最大增幅超过12.92倍(正弦波)和2.31倍(实际波);按正弦波得到能力需求比普遍大于实际波,且随A_p/V_p增大而增大的规律更明显。研究发现将地震动参数A_p作为单一的抗震设计指标会导致桥梁抗震性能离散性很大,A_p/V_p可作为柔性桥梁抗震设计的补充指标。