Heavy metal and nutrient changes during vermicomposting animal manure spiked with mushroom residues

A pilot-scale trial of four months was conducted to investigate the responses of heavy metal and nutrient to composting animal manure spiked with mushroom residues with and without earthworms. Results showed that earthworm activities accelerated organic matter mineralization (e.g. reduction in C/N ratio, increase in total concentrations of N, P, K) and humification (e.g. increase in humic acid concentration, humification ratio and humification index). Despite composting increased total heavy metal (i.e. As, Pb, Cu, Zn) concentrations irrespective of earthworm, the availability of heavy metals extracted by DTPA significantly (P < 0.05) decreased particularly in treatments with earthworms introduced. The shift from available to unavailable fractions of heavy metals was either due to earthworm bioaccumulation, as indicated by total heavy metal concentrations being higher in earthworm tissues, or due to the formation of stable metal-humus complexes as indicated by the promotion of humification. Our results suggest that vermicomposting process could magnify the nutrient quality but relieve the heavy metals risk of agricultural organic wastes.     

底物浓度影响微生物燃料电池性能和生物生长的模拟研究

建立了含有悬浮微生物、电极上生物量、可溶性化学底物和中介体的微生物燃料电池(MFC)数学模型。通过底物降解、生物增长和电流产生过程的模拟,考察了生物量和底物随时间的变化规律,底物质量浓度对生物量、底物降解和电流的影响。结果表明,当溶液中初始微生物量很少时,随着MFC反应的进行,生物主要富集在电极上,溶液中生物生长缓慢;MFC中的生物生长经历延滞期、对数期和平稳期,底物分解经历缓慢、快速和消耗殆尽3个阶段。底物质量浓度小于等于250 mg/L时,生物延滞期时间、底物缓慢分解阶段时间、生物生长到达平稳时间、底物消耗殆尽的时间和电流到达最大值所需的时间随着底物质量浓度的增加而缩短。底物质量浓度大于250 mg/L时,生物延滞期时间、底物缓慢分解阶段时间、生物生长到达平稳时间、底物消耗殆尽的时间和电流到达最大值所需的时间随着底物质量浓度的增加而增加。     

慢滤池去除污水中邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯的效能

将慢滤池用于污水二级出水的深度处理,并利用小试装置研究了慢滤池去除邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基己基)酯(DEHP)的效能。慢滤池采用粒径为0.4～0.6 mm,厚度为800 mm的石英砂做滤料并以0.1 m/h的恒定滤速运行。实验结果表明,慢滤池出水浊度、COD和色度远低于现行《城市污水再生利用城市杂用水水质标准》(GB/T18920-2002)的相应数值。污水二级处理出水中DEHP浓度为6.1～62.8μg/L时,经过慢滤池过滤后,DEHP浓度降为1.7～7.3μg/L。当接纳282.8μg/L的DEHP冲击负荷时,慢滤池出水DEHP仍能低于10μg/L。实验证明,慢滤池内的生物膜吸附过滤和生物降解共同保证了慢滤池去除DEHP的良好性能。     

水力停留时间对反应沉淀一体化反应器中半亚硝化反应的影响

由于反应沉淀一体化反应器的HRT与SRT不同,因此HRT是否会影响反应器中氮的存在状态,亚硝态氮积累是否能实现尚无明确结论。针对以上问题,研究不同水力停留时间对反应沉淀一体化反应器中半亚硝化反应的影响,研究结果表明：反应器运行虽然运行过程中无污泥流失,但仍可实现亚硝酸盐的积累,出水亚硝态氮和氨氮的浓度比例受水力停留时间的影响。HRT为24 h时,亚硝酸盐积累率可达到70%,但出水氨氮接近于0,很难满足ANAMMOX 的进水要求;HRT为16 h和12 h时,亚硝酸盐积累率均可超过80%,出水氨氮和亚硝态氮的比例分别达到1.39：1和1.46：1,可为后续ANAMMOX反应提供良好进水条件。水力停留时间对污泥亚硝化潜力的影响为12 h>16 h>24 h,对硝化潜力的影响为24 h>16 h>12 h。不同水力停留时间下氨氧化速率和亚硝酸盐氧化速率均为24 h>16 h>12 h。     

餐厨垃圾和绿化废弃物换向通风好氧堆肥

以某高校餐厨垃圾和绿化废弃物为原料,利用一种换向通风的堆肥降解装置对其进行好氧堆肥处理,研究了2个进气温度(35℃、45℃)和3个通风速率(1.5、2.5和4 m3/h)6个处理组对堆肥原料理化性质(堆体温度、含水率、pH值、有机质含量、C/N、种子发芽指数)的影响。餐厨垃圾和绿化废弃物进行15 d好氧堆肥后,pH值上升到7左右,有机质含量达到20%~80%,C/N都降到20以下,种子发芽指数均大于50%。经过1个月腐熟,其含水率≤30%。上述指标符合有机肥料标准(NY525-2011)的要求,该堆肥产物可用于园林绿地,具有显著的经济效益和生态效益。本研究结果表明,将城市餐厨垃圾和绿化废弃物混合后进行好氧堆肥是废弃物处理的高效工程,具有良好的发展前景。     

Efficient degradation of crystal violet in magnetic CuFe2O4 aqueous solution coupled with microwave radiation

Nanoscale copper ferrite was prepared by co-precipitation method, while citrate acid assisted method was used as reference. Microwave-induced degradation of crystal violet was performed with synthesized copper ferrite, and the behavior of copper ferrite in this process was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, SEM/EDS and vector network analyzer. Microwave radiation could greatly enhance the activity of copper ferrite in organic oxidation. The variant of copper and iron on the surface and in the inner core of copper ferrite was studied here. Copper ferrite presents relatively low dielectric loss. Meanwhile, microwave radiation makes a faster degradation than conventional heating process, indicating an indispensable non-thermal effect of microwave with copper ferrite in the process. Microwave induced holes could be responsible for the efficient degradation. The effect of annealing on crystallization and degradation process was considered here, and the intermediates and products were studied by GC-MS and LC-MS to provide a comprehensively evaluation of degradation.     

铁炭微电解-Fenton试剂氧化法预处理广灭灵及丙草胺废水

采用铁炭微电解～Fenton试剂氧化法预处理广灭灵和丙草胺废水（简称废水）,考察了H2O2加入量、高浓度废水COD对废水处理效果的影响,进行了连续流废水处理实验。实验结果表明：Fenton试剂氧化反应的废水处理效果明显好于铁炭微电解反应;铁炭微电解对COD的去除率可达60．6％,Fenton试剂氧化反应后COD的总去除率可达72．3％;连续流废水处理效果差于静态实验。处理后,低浓度废水的BOD,／COD从0．28～0．32增至0．47,高浓度废水的BOD,／COD从0．39增至0．47。     

柳林地区晚中新世 — 上新世红黏土磁性地层学研究

黄土高原巨厚的风成堆积蕴含丰富的古环境变化信息,是研究亚洲内陆干旱化与东亚季风演化的天然载体,对探讨全球气候变化具有重要意义.本文对黄土高原东部的柳林红黏土剖面开展的岩石磁学研究表明该红黏土层序磁性由磁铁矿、磁赤铁矿为主要磁性矿物.高分辨率的磁性地层学研究表明:柳林红黏土记录了C2An.1r?—?C3r的极性序列,结合...     

Prediction and cause investigation of ozone based on a double-stage attention mechanism recurrent neural network

● Used a double-stage attention mechanism model to predict ozone. ● The model can autonomously select the appropriate time series for forecasting. ● The model outperforms other machine learning models and WRF-CMAQ. ● We used the model to analyze the driving factors of VOCs that cause ozone pollution. Ozone is becoming a significant air pollutant in some regions, and VOCs are essential for ozone prediction as necessary ozone precursors. In this study, we proposed a recurrent neural network based on a double-stage attention mechanism model to predict ozone, selected an appropriate time series for prediction through the input attention and temporal attention mechanisms, and analyzed the cause of ozone generation according to the contribution of feature parameters. The experimental data show that our model had an RMSE of 7.71 μg/m³ and a mean absolute error of 5.97 μg/m³ for 1-h predictions. The DA-RNN model predicted ozone closer to observations than the other models. Based on the importance of the characteristics, we found that the ozone pollution in the Jinshan Industrial Zone mainly comes from the emissions of petrochemical enterprises, and the good generalization performance of the model is proved through testing multiple stations. Our experimental results demonstrate the validity and promising application of the DA-RNN model in predicting atmospheric pollutants and investigating their causes.     

汶川地震灾区和谐社会建设的低碳模式

以"四川省地震灾后重建社会满意度调查"数据为依据.通过因子分析,找到影响社会满意度的关键因素,确立低碳模式为灾后和谐社会建设的最佳模式.通过对低碳社会的特征分析,结合社会学理论,认为:低碳社会的发展是低碳价值理念、低碳准则、低碳行为互相作用的过程.低碳社会模式的发展路径是基于综合集成与统筹优选的方法,从价值理念、低碳行为、规范体系三个方面对低碳社会的各项要素进行集成;低碳社会的推行模式分为低碳农村模式和低碳城市模式.低碳农村可以与灾区社会主义新农村建设同步进行,发展生态经济,探索生态发展模式和生态补偿政策;低碳城市相对于一般社会发展模式和农村发展模式,更集中体现在建筑、交通、文化、消费行为等某些特定领域.建议:从国家到灾区的各级政府必须多管齐下,从制度创新入手,实施一系列相互配套、切实有效的对策及措施,如转变单纯追求GDP的政策目标.制定法律法规,促进新能源开发,建立低碳技术支撑体系等来保障低碳社会模式的推行.