Seismic vulnerability assessment of water supply network in Tianjin,China

The water supply network （WSN） system is a critical element of civil infrastructure systems. Its complexity of operation and high number of components mean that all parts of the system cannot be simply assessed. Earthquakes are the most serious natural hazard to a WSN, and seismic risk assessment is essential to identify its vulnerability to different stages of damage and ensure the system safety. In this paper, using a WSN located in the airport area of Tianjin in northern China as a case study, a quantitative vulnerability assessment method was used to assess the damage that the water supply pipelines would suffer in an earthquake, and the finite element software ABAQUS and fuzzy mathematic theory were adopted to construct the assessment method. ABAQUS was applied to simulate the seismic damage to pipe segments and components of the WSN. Membership functions based on fuzzy theory were established to calculate the membership of the components in the system. However, to consider the vulnerability of the whole system, fuzzy cluster analysis was used to distinguish the importance of pipe segments and components. Finally, the vulnerability was quantified by these functions. The proposed methodology aims to assess the performance of WSNs based on pipe vulnerabilities that are simulated and calculated by the model and the mathematical method based on data of damage. In this study, a whole seismic vulnerability assessment method for a WSN was built, and these analyses are expected to provide necessary information for a mitigation plan in an earthquake disaster.     

新型二氧化硫吸附剂的研制

本文研制一种新型高分子吸附剂，以丙烯腈、苯乙烯为共聚单体，二乙烯基苯为交联剂，在引发剂、致孔剂、分散剂存在下进行致孔悬浮交联共聚，其产物再经高温处理，制成多孔网络碳化树脂；经检测能很好地吸附二氧化硫气体。重点考察了引发剂、致孔剂、分散剂、水油比对该产品性能的影响。     

综合生物塘处理城镇污水研究

报道了一种新的高效低能耗的污水处理塘系统的中试研究结果．本生物塘系统分为三个功能区域，分别为污水净化区，水质修饰区和综合利用区．水生维管束植物呈带状分布于塘系统中，在时间上和空间上进行不同搭配组合．较之传统氧化塘和一般的水生植物塘、综合生物塘的处理效果较好，ＣＯＤ、ＢＯＤ、ＴＳＳ、氮、磷等污染组分去除效率较高，细菌，病毒及诱变活性明显下降。在污水净化的同时，收获大量的水生植物及鱼，蚌等水产品．水质明显改善，出水可用于水产养殖和农业灌溉．     

红枫湖底泥磷负荷释放

为了研究高原湖泊底泥沉积物中磷的释放负荷,对贵州红枫湖区10个地区的沉积物进行了磷形态分析。选取10个采样点中5个典型区域,研究结果表明,底泥中各形态磷占总磷比例Org-P为58.6%,NaOH-P为29.91%,Ca-P为11.48%,底泥中主要的磷形态为有机磷。上覆水溶解性总磷酸盐(TSP)与底泥中各形态磷的相关性研究表明,底泥中的Ca-P与上覆水中的TSP几乎没有相关性,NaOH-P与Org-P与上覆水的TSP有较高的相关性(R2>0.94),而底泥中的总磷(TP)与上覆水中的TSP相关性最高(R2>0.98),底泥中这种形态的结构有利于抑制底泥的释放。研究表明,在10点位样品中,间隙水中TP和SRP(溶解性正磷酸)浓度远大于上覆水体中相应磷形态的浓度,间隙水中TP平均浓度为0.37 mg/L,SRP平均浓度为0.18 mg/L,上覆水体中TP平均浓度为0.10 mg/L,SRP平均浓度为0.02 mg/L,间隙水中TP、SRP与上覆水中TP、SRP存在了一种浓度梯度。     

Preliminary evaluation of evaluation of the efficiency of aircraft liquid waste treatment using resolvable sanitizing liquid: a case study in Changchun

The physical, chemical, and biological indices of aircraft liquid wastes collected from multiple airplanes at Longjia Airport, Changchun, China were measured according to "Integrated Wastewater Discharge Standard," evaluating treatment efficiency of resolvable sanitizing liquid. The results indicate that, after being treated by the resolvable sanitizing liquid, the indices of all first-class pollutants met the requirements of the standard, while among the second-class pollutants, the suspension content, biochemical oxygen demand after 5 days, and chemical oxygen demand as well as the contents of amino nitrogen, total phosphorus, anionic surfactants, total copper, absorbable organic halogen, and phenolic compounds did not reach the discharge standard. Particularly, the level of fecal coliform bacteria in the aircraft liquid wastes can meet the standard specification by adding more than 1 mL/L resolvable sanitizing liquid. The aircraft wastewater treated by resolvable sanitizing liquid cannot be directly discharged back into the environment as well as urban drainage systems.     

船载式河流污水净化装置设计研究

文章主要对船载式河流污水净化装置进行了设计.该装置首先通过多参数水质分析仪来检测水体的污染程度,然后通过进水闸门的控制开关来决定是否进行水质的净化;在净化的过程中,依次采用物理、化学、生物三种净化方式,大幅度降低污水中Cd2＋、pb2＋、Cu2＋等重金属离子和含N、P元素有毒有机物的浓度,有效中和污水的酸碱度.设计装置具有净化程度高,灵活性强,利于操作,无二次污染,成本低等特点,在一定程度上缓解水的污染的现象.     

餐厨垃圾制备的外源有机碳对土壤团聚体的影响

为了阐明外源有机碳对土壤碳库的作用机制,以餐厨垃圾为原料,制备了4种不同分子量级的外源有机碳,通过室内试验,研究了外源有机碳对土壤有机碳组分及土壤团聚体的影响.结果表明:①以分子量≤1 ku为主的小分子有机碳处理组土壤中w（DOC）（DOC为水溶性有机碳）比CK组增加了0.383 g/kg,CO₂累积释放量达到（6.595±0.259）mg/kg（以C计）;微生物活性增强,>5 mm水稳大团聚体质量分数相对于CK组提升了25.06%,表明小分子有机碳增强了土壤微生物活性,微生物通过菌根网络缠绕作用促进大团聚体形成,增强土壤团聚体稳定性.②以分子量≥5 ku的大分子有机碳为主的大分子有机碳处理组w（POC）（POC为颗粒态有机碳）为CK组的5.65倍,0.5~1 mm水稳大团聚体质量分数增加了10.84%,有机碳贡献率提升了14.79%,表明大分子有机碳通过增加土壤中w（POC）,促进0.5~1 mm水稳大团聚体形成,提高团聚体有机碳贡献率.研究显示,不同分子量级外源有机碳通过不同的方式改善土壤团聚体结构进而促进土壤有机碳固定,餐厨垃圾生物强化有机肥中各量级有机碳比例合理,能够明显提升土壤有机碳水平,增加土壤团聚体稳定性.      

黔中白云岩风化壳稀土层可培养放线菌多样性及吸附La(Ⅲ)特性研究

微生物在风化壳稀土元素迁移、富集过程中一直扮演着重要角色.前期研究采用宏基因组技术分析黔中地区白云岩风化壳稀土富集层微生物多样性时,发现放线菌门为主要优势类群之一.本实验采用纯培养技术研究贵州喀斯特稀土层可培养放线菌生物多样性,并初步研究了放线菌对稀土La³⁺的吸附过程,以阐明微生物与稀土离子的相互作用机制,完善稀土元素的生物地球化学循环过程.实验采用选择性培养技术共获得190株纯培养物,分别归属于放线菌门19个属,其中,优势菌属有链霉菌属(Streptomyces)、诺卡氏菌属(Nocardia)和小单孢菌属(Micromonospora),分别占总分离菌株的62.1%、12.6%和11.1%.稀土耐受性能较好的菌株Micromonospora aurantiaca KLBMP9018、Streptomyces mirabilis KLBMP8969和Nocardia sp.KLBMP9014在La³⁺浓度为20 mg·L^-1的20 mL溶液中最大吸附量(干重,m/m)分别达到24.32、25.37和20.74 mg·...     

苏南太湖地区典型县、乡镇工业和农业对水体污染的预测及控制研究

本课题选择以经济发展水平一般的吴江县松陵镇为县办工业典型;选择以轻纺业为主、产值较高的沙洲县妙桥乡为乡镇工业典型。农药、化肥、厂矿污染则以吴县全境为观测调研现场进行研究。 这三个典型均分布于太湖流域的阳澄淀     

重庆市城镇污水处理系统的碳排放特征及减污降碳措施建议

基于IPCC的碳排放核算因子法,对重庆市43区县的75座污水处理系统的碳排放特征及其与区域、处理规模等的联系进行探究。分析了现有污水处理系统存在的问题,对比了国内先进污水处理工艺并提出优化措施。结果表明污水处理系统的碳排放具有“规模效应”：吨水比碳排、吨水电耗随处理规模的提高而降低,最大碳排放源为电力消耗,占比达到40%~60%。碳排放量与区域的联系不大,各区域比碳排 (以CO₂计) 为0.50~0.90 kg·m⁻³。在分析碳排放特征的基础上提出节能减排建议,如通过设备调整运行参数降低电耗碳排放,改进处理工艺减少除TN产生的碳排放,动态调整以提高运行负荷率,优化能源结构提高城市污水处理系统能源自给率,以期为全国污水处理系统减污降碳提供参考。