A review of Space-Air-Ground integrated remote sensing techniques for atmospheric monitoring

Currently, the three-dimensional (3D) distribution and characteristics of air pollution cannot be understood based on the application of any single atmospheric monitoring technology. Long-term, high-precision and large-scale 3D atmospheric monitoring might become practical by combining heterogeneous modern technologies; for this purpose, the SpaceAir-Ground integrated system is a promising concept. In this system, optical remote sensing technologies employing fixed or mobile platforms are used a...     

生物质吸附剂处理活性艳红X-3B废水

采用城市污水处理厂二沉池的剩余活性污泥为原料，以浓度为3mol／L的ZnCl2溶液浸泡污泥，采用水蒸气为活化气和保护气，在600℃下活化污泥3h，制备出性能良好的生物质吸附剂，其碘吸附值为388．95mg／g，比表面积为447．79m^2／g，平均孔径为4．39nm，孔体积为0．31cm^3／g，微孔体积为0．09cm^3/g。实验结果表明，用该生物质吸附剂处理活性艳红X-3B废水，在废水（10mL）中活性艳红X-3B质量浓度为300mg／L、生物质吸附剂加入量为0．20g、吸附时间为30min的条件下，废水脱色率可达99．7％。活性艳红X-3B在生物质吸附剂上的吸附行为遵循Lagergren二级动力学规律，同时也可用一级吸附动力学方程描述。     

混菌接种条件下微生物燃料电池芯片的产电特性研究

微生物燃料电池(MFC)芯片因具有体积小、运行条件温和、产电稳定等优点而有可能成为一种新型的野外水环境监测系统中传感器供能方式.但目前采用纯菌种及贵重金属阳极构建的MFC芯片,不仅成本较高且纯菌种在复杂环境条件下不易存活和保持稳定.因此,本文通过采用混合菌群接种,以活性炭为阳极,构建了阳极体积为50μL的MFC芯片,发现其稳定运行最大输出电流为3.5μA,平均运行周期为8.0 h,最大输出功率约为160 nW,最大功率密度为10.2 mW·m-2.EIS分析结果表明,MFC芯片的总内阻约为35.6 kΩ,其中,阴阳极内阻占主要部分.本研究制备的MFC芯片产电性能达到了同类采用纯菌株及Au作阳极的MFC芯片的性能,表明采用低成本材料为阳极,接种混合菌液的MFC芯片是完全可行的.     

Realizing stable operation of anaerobic ammonia oxidation at low temperatures treating low strength synthetic wastewater

The low activity of Anammox bacteria at low temperatures and competition from nitrite oxidation bacteria(NOB) when treating low strength wastewater have been major bottlenecks in implementing Anammox in mainstream wastewater treatment. By intermittent high strength feeding(IHSF) and stepwise temperature reduction, stable operation of a granular Anammox reactor was realized at low temperatures(down to 15°C) for 28 days when treating low strength synthetic wastewater. The nitrogen loading rate reached 1.23–1.34 kgN/m~3/day,and the total nitrogen removal rate reached 0.71–0.98 kgN/m~3/day. The IHSF enriched the Anammox sludge in high strength cycles and compensated for sludge loss in low strength cycles, and the high concentration of ammonium in high strength cycles inhibited NOB. The 16 SrRNA gene sequencing results revealed that Candidatus Kuenenia was predominant in the reactor at low temperatures.     

The in situ catalytic oxidation of sulfamethoxazole via peroxydisufate activation operated in a NG/rGO/CNTs composite membrane filtration

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Metal-free carbonaceous composite membranes have been proven to effectively drive novel in situ catalytic oxidation for the degradation of organic...     

Chemical Tracking and Marine Environmental Impact of Ocean Disposal of Calcium Carbonate Residue in the North Yellow Sea

The objective of this study is to determine the sedimentation rate and dispersion area of calcium carbonate residue dumped at sea and the impact to marine environment of dumping by a laboratory simulation experiment; chemical tracking in the field with the help of acoustic and optical tracking; and a comparative study of baseline conditions and marine environmental impact after dumping. Turbidity, pH and phosphate are selected as the chemical tracers to be monitored.

Results show that in the dumping area of 15 square miles with water depth of 50 m, if 217 t calcium carbonate residue is dumped (spot dumping) in the presence of a pycnocline with a current velocity of 60 cm/s (close to the maximum) the maximum dispersion distance of the calcium carbonate residue plume front is less than 2100 m; the dispersion area is less than 0.56 km²; and the maximum dispersion time is about 60 min when the turbidity and pH in the whole dispersion area return to background level. Therefore, the ocean disposal of calcium carbonate residue is feasible.     

山东生态省建设人才规划及对策研究

研究在对2008年山东省环境保护人才资源总量、结构、分布等现状调查、统计基础上,剖析了环保人才队伍存在的主要问题。依据生态省建设的任务和目标,以单因素趋势外推模型和GM（1,1）灰色模型,预测了2010年、2015年、2020年环保人才需求,确定了生态省建设人才规划各项目标,并提出了实施人才规划的对策和措施。     

内陆丘陵河谷地区小风条件下的大气扩散模拟研究

针对湖南中部丘陵河谷地区的气象特点,开展了小风条件下大气扩散的数值模拟研究,并与示踪实验结果进行比较.模拟采用美国EPA推荐的非稳态拉格朗日高斯烟团模式CALPUFF,以加密的地面气象观测资料、边界层垂直廓线观测资料和铁塔多层湍流观测资料作为模拟气象场的输入.中等风速和小风条件下的模拟结果表明:模式对地表类型及资料的分...     

辽东湾近岸海域石化产业环境风险综合评价

为探究临港石化产业对海洋生态环境造成的不利影响,以2014-2018年辽东湾近岸海域生态环境监测数据为基础,结合环境灾害学理论体系与数理统计法构建了环境风险评价模型.并借助ArcGIS空间矢量叠加分析技术,开展了辽东湾近岸海域环境风险状况评价研究.结果表明:辽东湾近岸海域环境风险承载能力整体较为脆弱,从远海至近岸海域环...     

D401与N-117负载 Fe（Ⅱ）非均相Fenton法催化降解苯酚

分别采用D401和N-117负载Fe（Ⅱ）制备非均相Fenton催化剂,探讨两种催化剂在不同初始溶液pH、初始H₂O₂质量浓度和保存条件下,催化降解苯酚的效果和铁溶出情况。结果表明：两种催化剂均能拓展Fenton反应pH范围;D401负载Fe（Ⅱ）催化苯酚降解速率较快,苯酚降解率随初始溶液pH升高而下降,溶出铁催化的均相Fenton反应是苯酚降解的主要原因;N-117负载Fe（Ⅱ）催化剂苯酚降解速率随初始溶液pH升高而下降,非均相Fenton反应是主要反应过程;初始H₂O₂质量浓度升高能使D401负载Fe（Ⅱ）的溶出总铁质量浓度显著升高,但对N-117负载Fe（Ⅱ）影响很小;水中较高的DO能显著降低两种催化剂的苯酚降解效果。