断层形变异常强度在跨断层水准测量中的应用——以安徽及临近地区为例

对苏鲁皖地区布设的跨“郯庐断裂”定点短水准资料及“霍山窗”内流动水准资料进行整理。根据断层活动速率求解断层形变异常强度,基于其变化特征与本区中强地震的对比研究,发现在研究区域断层活动整体处于断层形变强度较低的背景下局部断层活动异常对地震预测有一定的指示意义,中强地震多发在异常强度加强的年份或者其后,可以视为中尺度时间的...     

Variability of soil organic carbon reservation capability between coastal salt marsh and riverside freshwater wetland in Chongming Dongtan and its microbial mechanism

Two representative zones in Chongming Dongtan which faced the Yangtze River and East China Sea respectively were selected to study the variability of soil organic carbon (SOC) reservation capability between coastal wetland and riverside wetland in the Chongming Dongtan wetland as well as its mechanism by analyzing soil characteristics and plant biomass. The results showed the SOC content of riverside wetland was only 48.61% (P = 0.000 < 0.05) that of coastal wetland. As the organic matter inputs from plant litter of the coastal wetland and riverside wetland were approximately the same, the higher soil microbial respiration (SMR) of riverside wetland led to its lower SOC reservation capability. In the riverside wetland, the high soil microbial biomass, higher proportion of β-Proteobacteria, which have strong carbon metabolism activity and the existence of some specific aerobic heterotrophic bacteria such as Bacilli and uncultured Lactococcus, were the important reasons for the higher SMR compared to the coastal wetland. There were additional differences in soil physical and chemical characteristics between the coastal wetland and riverside wetlands. Path analysis of predominant bacteria and microbial biomass showed that soil salinity influenced β-Proteobacteria and microbial biomass most negatively among these physical and chemical factors. Therefore the low salinity of the riverside area was suitable for the growth of microorganisms, especially β-Proteobacteria and some specific bacteria, which led to the high SMR and low SOC reservation capability when compared to the coastal area.     

预处理-IC-氧化沟-气浮工艺处理再生纸废水

介绍了预处理-IC-氧化沟-气浮工艺在再生纸废水处理工程中的应用。工程运行结果表明:该系统处理效果好、性能稳定、维护管理方便,出水pH为7.39～7.52,COD为57.6～58.7 mg/L,BOD5为12.5～15.8 mg/L,SS为18～19 mg/L,出水水质达GB3544—2008《制浆造纸工业水污染物排放标准》表1标准;通过制浆回收和废水再生循环利用,降低了运行成本;对同类型造纸废水的治理有一定的借鉴意义。     

综合利用在含铬废水处理工艺改进上的体现

针对含铬废水处理站运行状况进行了分析,找出了不符合ISO14001标准的因素,结合公司“三废”具体实际,进行了工艺改进,以废治废和回用水资源,实现清洁生产。     

Size distribution, characteristics and sources of heavy metals in haze episod in Beijing

Size segragated samples were collected during high polluted winter haze days in 2006 in Beijing, China. Twenty nine elements and 9 water soluble ions were determined. Heavy metals of Zn, Pb, Mn, Cu, As, Cr, Ni, V and Cd were deeply studied considering their toxic effect on human being. Among these heavy metals, the levels of Mn, As and Cd exceeded the reference values of National Ambient Air Quality Standard （GB3095-2012） and guidelines of World Health Organization. By estimation, high percentage of atmospheric heavy metals in PM2.5 indicates it is an effective way to control atmospheric heavy metals by PM2.5 controlling. Pb, Cd, and Zn show mostly in accumulation mode, V, Mn and Cu exist mostly in both coarse and accumulation modes, and Ni and Cr exist in all of the three modes. Considering the health effect, the breakthrough rates of atmospheric heavy metals into pulmonary alveoli are： Pb （62.1%） 〉 As （58.1%） 〉 Cd （57.9%） 〉 Zn （57.7%） 〉 Cu （55.8%） 〉 Ni （53.5%） 〉 Cr （52.2%） 〉 Mn （49.2%） 〉 V （43.5%）. Positive matrix factorization method was applied for source apportionment of studied heavy metals combined with some marker elements and ions such as K, As, SO42- etc., and four factors （dust, vehicle, aged and transportation, unknown） are identified and the size distribution contribution of them to atmospheric heavy metals are discussed.     

基于因子分析法研究太原市土壤重金属污染的主要来源

太原市土壤的研究还处于起步阶段,尚缺乏系统的研究和探讨.基于因子分析法分析研究太原市土壤重金属污染类型及污染来源,在面积性土壤测量基础上,采用城市土壤单点样采集方法,通过测试获得了城市表层土壤中重金属元素(As、Cd、Hg、Pb、Cr、Ni、Zn、Cu)的含量数据;应用统计数手段及处理软件,采用因子分析法对太原市土壤化探数据进行详细分析研究;结合太原市工企分布情况,对比因子分析中的六个主因子,进行整理分析;研究结果充分反映出太原市作为一个典型的重化工基地和燃煤城市的污染特点,表明太原市土壤重金属污染的主要来源有四个方面,即:工矿企业污染源,燃煤污染源,交通污染源,商业活动和居民生活污染源等.     

大气颗粒物水溶性重金属元素研究进展

以As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Ni、Mn、V、Pb和Zn为研究对象,总结历史及自身研究结果,从大气颗粒物水溶性重金属的分析方法、浓度水平、化合物形态、水溶性及其影响因素等方面进行分析.结果表明,发展中国家大气颗粒物水溶性重金属浓度较高,国内水溶性Zn和As污染严重,特别是As已超过国家空气质量标准中的浓度限值;大气中Zn、Pb、Cd、As和V的浓度和水溶性都较高(37.69%—58.65%),应受到广泛关注;大气颗粒物中重金属的水溶性主要受颗粒物粒径大小、酸碱性、重金属与颗粒物结合方式、金属化合物形态和来源的影响.研究结果可以为大气重金属污染控制和人体健康影响评估的开展提供理论基础.     

染整废水氧转移系数Kla值的研究

研究了染整废水中氧转移的速率,为工程设计、曝气机选择及动力效率测定,提供了科学理论依据。     

剩余污泥处理新工艺

研究了剩余有机污泥处理新工艺，将剩作污泥进行酸化水解后回到废水处理系统一起代谢，基本达到无污泥排放。该工艺适合于染整废水、乳品厂废水处理站等有机污泥处置，特别适用于泥难以脱水的如锦纶厂废水处理站的剩余污泥处理。     

城市污染河道水环境生态治理效应分析——以北京市丰台区葆李沟为例

根据对北京市丰台区葆李沟的污染特征的诊断分析结果,设计并实施了具有针对性的生态治理模式,包括截污清淤、延长水体驻停时间、设置生态滤床、重建水生植物系统、微生物系统构建、水生动物系统构建等综合措施。在生态治理模式稳定运行后,对河道内污染物的去除效果及河道生态系统恢复状况进行了跟踪研究。结果表明:研究期间生态治理模式对葆李沟污染状况的改善具有明显效果,研究段内COD平均去除率为66.45%±0.11%,TP平均去除率为39.36%±0.01%,NH3-N平均去除率为36.13%±0.03%;在水生植物净化区内,3种污染物的去除贡献率与水生植物生物量及温度呈显著正相关关系,COD与NH3-N的去除贡献率与溶解氧呈显著正相关关系;生态治理模式的实施对河道表观特征、水文、形态、水质及物种丰度等方面具有明显改善作用。