不同能量电子辐照下星用瑞侃导线性能退化研究

目的研究卫星上外露导线在空间辐射环境下的耐受能力。方法通过分析GEO轨道下在轨10年航天器外露瑞侃导线的辐照环境,研究低能和高能电子对导线性能的影响,地面模拟试验参数选择能量分别为45 keV和1 MeV,注量率均为8.3×10^10 e/(cm^2·s),总注量均为2×10^16 e/cm^2。考察瑞侃导线力学性能(断裂伸长率、拉伸强度)和电性能(击穿电压)的退化情况,并用XPS和SEM测试分析手段,对其电子辐照损伤机理进行研究。结果在不同能量电子辐照下,瑞侃导线的力学性能均略有下降,没有显著区别,而电学性能严重退化,且低能电子较高能电子对其电学性能影响更为严重,其击穿电压分别下降了100%和50%。结论通过剂量-深度分布计算,45 keV入射电子能量全部沉积在样品表层下数微米的深度范围内,完全被导线外皮吸收,对样品的损伤较大;而1 MeV入射电子能量绝大部分穿透表皮沉积在样品铜芯中,因而其性能退化情况相对低能电子较小。进一步的,通过SEM和XPS测试和分析发现,电子辐照造成瑞侃导线分子链降解,形成自由基以及气体,自由基的再交联是造成瑞侃导线损伤的重要机理。     

海蚀环境下考虑摩擦滑移的桥梁板式橡胶支座老化剪切性能研究∗

板式橡胶支座作为海蚀环境中桥梁结构体系中的重要支撑构件,其摩擦滑移与橡胶老化会影响桥梁结构整体的抗震性能。为了探究海蚀环境下考虑摩擦滑移的桥梁板式橡胶支座老化剪切性能,开展了板式橡胶支座的摩擦滑移试验,并采用有限元方法,分析了橡胶老化对各形状系数的板式橡胶支座的剪切性能和摩擦滑移的影响。 结果表明：①支座的摩擦滑移起始位移随着老化时间的增长和形状系数的增大而不断变大;②随着老化时间的增加,支座通过摩擦滑移消耗的能量也会逐渐增多;③支座的等效黏滞阻尼比随着老化时间和形状系数的增加而变大。海蚀环境会加速板式橡胶支座的老化并影响其剪切性能,因此在海蚀较为严重的地区进行桥梁抗震设计时应考虑支座摩擦滑移及老化对桥梁地震动力响应的影响。     

红外系统对点源目标作用距离的优化计算

作用距离是红外系统核心性能指标之一,受大气、背景等多方面因素的影响。针对传统作用距离计算方法存在的局限,综合考虑多个影响因素,提出了一种优化计算方法,首次精确计算了作用距离与实际距离之差的大气衰减值,并对计算方法进行了验证。结果表明,优化计算方法具有较好的计算精度,可用于红外系统性能预测和整体设计。     

基于模糊PI控制的瞬态高温控制策略研究

目的通过地面环境试验研究气动热引起的瞬态高温环境对飞行器结构的影响。方法设计基于石英灯和离心机的瞬态高温-加速度复合试验系统,研究温度和加速度同步控制系统的结构和原理,分析无制冷装置环境下瞬态高温控制的难点,提出基于模糊PI控制器的温度控制策略。结果通过MATLAB仿真验证,设计的模糊PI控制器相比传统的PI控制器能够有效提高温度控制的动态性能与精确性。结论将基于模糊PI控制的瞬态加热控制策略应用于瞬态高温控制是可行、有效的,能为地面气动热模拟环境试验提供技术保障。     

Subarachnoid cyst with hydrocephalus–a complication of mid-trimester amniocentesis

We report a child with a subarachnoid cyst with hydrocephalus following a mid-trimester amniocentesis. Although fetal trauma is a rare complication, it is important to stress the need to perform amniocentesis under ultrasound control. Children with neurological disease or convulsions of unknown origin in early infancy who are born to mothers who have had midtrimester amniocentesis should have a CT scan as part of the investigations to exclude this rare but nevertheless important complication.     

An unconventional approach to studying the reaction kinetics of the Fenton's oxidation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid

The Fenton's oxidation kinetics of herbicide 2,4-D at various [Fe(II)] and [H(2)O(2)] combinations was investigated and modelled through an unconventional approach. The reaction kinetics of 2,4-D degradation demonstrated a two-stage pattern of decay, where a very fast reactive stage was followed by a retardation stage due to the depletion of oxidants and to the competitive side-reactions of the intermediates (including 2,4-dichlorophenol, chlorohydroquinone and 2,6-dichlororesorcinol). A model characterized by two newly established constants, the initial decay rate and the maximum oxidative capacity, was proposed and proven capable of describing the two-stage process, which cannot easily be described by conventional first- or second-order kinetics approaches.     

医疗废物中有机质的热解动力学研究

在空气气氛下，对医疗废物中几种有代表性的有机质进行非等温热解实验。分析实验结果发现，热解失重曲线与N2气氛下不同，出现多个DTG峰。利用Freeman—CarroⅡ法求出了各有机质的表观动力学参数，并建立了能较好反映各物料失重过程的表观多步反应动力学模型。针对混合物料无法直接求出表观动力学参数，建立了多组分反应动力学模型。     

浅谈浮雕装饰件成型落料复合工艺

论述聚氨脂橡胶及锌合金用于浮雕件成型落料工艺特点,模具设计和制造特点.     

Ca and OH release of ceramsites containing anorthite and gehlenite prepared from waste lime mud

Lime mud is a kind of solid waste in the papermaking industry, which has been a source of serious environmental pollution. Ceramsites containing anorthite and gehlenite were prepared from lime mud and fly ash through the solid state reaction method at 1050°C. The objective of this study was to explore the efficiency of Ca^2 + and OH⁻ release and assess the phosphorus and copper ion removal performance of the ceramsites via batch experiments, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that Ca^2 + and OH⁻ were released from the ceramsites due to the dissolution of anorthite, gehlenite and available lime. It is also concluded that gehlenite had stronger capacity for Ca^2 + and OH⁻ release compared with anorthite. The Ca^2 + release could be fit well by the Avrami kinetic model. Increases of porosity, dosage and temperature were associated with increases in the concentrations of Ca^2 + and OH⁻ released. Under different conditions, the ceramsites could maintain aqueous solutions in alkaline conditions (pH = 9.3–10.9) and the release of Ca^2 + was not affected. The removal rates of phosphorus and copper ions were as high as 96.88% and 96.81%, respectively. The final pH values of both phosphorus and copper ions solutions changed slightly. The reuse of lime mud in the form of ceramsites is an effective strategy.     

2012年滨州浅海大型底栖动物现状评价

2012年春季、夏季和秋季分别对滨州浅海大型底栖动物进行了18个站位3个航次的外业调查研究,结果表明:已鉴定出大型底栖动物81种,其中软体动物27种、多毛类20种、甲壳动物18种、棘皮动物1种和其他类5种;春季（78种）最高,夏季（47种）次之,秋季（39种）最低;软体动物、多毛类和甲壳动物是构成该海域底栖动物的主要类群。大型底栖动物多样性指数为0.17～3.69,平均值为1.73±0.22;丰富度指数为0.59～3.05,平均值为1.75±0.24;均匀度指数为0.04～1.00,平均值为0.46±0.10;优势度指数为1.03～10.76,平均值为3.29±0.91。多样性指数、均匀度指数和优势度指数均为夏季最高,秋季次之,春季最低;而丰富度指数则为春季最高,夏季次之,秋季最低。栖息密度和生物量平均值均相对较高,分别为3836.83 ind./m2和48.65 g/m2;均以春季最高,秋季次之,夏季较低;不同季节均以软体动物占绝对优势,为最高,其次为甲壳动物和多毛类,其他类和棘皮动物相对较低。滨州浅海环境质量总体以轻度污染为主,与我国主要河口水域相比,属于环境质量较好的区域。