几种印染助剂对壳聚糖稳定纳米铁去除酸性品红的影响

以氯化铁为铁源,硼氢化钠为还原剂,壳聚糖为稳定剂,采用液相还原法制备壳聚糖稳定纳米铁（CS-nZⅥ）;研究了印染废水中常见助剂NaNO₃、Na₂SO₄、NaH₂PO₄、K₂Cr₂O₇、EDTA二钠盐存在下,超声波辅助CS-nZⅥ对酸性品红（AF）降解的影响。结果表明,反应15 min,0.01 g CS-nZⅥ对25 mL、100 mg/L AF的去除率高达99.9%;各种助剂的存在使得纳米铁表面不同程度失活,阻碍反应的进行,使得AF的去除率下降。NaNO₃、K₂Cr₂O₇、EDTA二钠盐与纳米铁发生反应,与AF存在明显的竞争作用。重复利用实验表明,CS-nZⅥ重复利用7次仍具有一定的反应活性。此外,CS-nZⅥ对加标（50 mg/L）实际废水中AF的去除率达到99%以上,表明CS-nZⅥ是一种潜在的环境修复材料。     

Occurrence, distribution, and sources of six phenolic endocrine disrupting chemicals in the 22 river estuaries around Dianchi Lake in China

The objectives of this study are to track the occurrence, distribution, and sources of phenolic endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs) in the 22 rivers around Dianchi Lake in China, to estimate the input and output amounts of phenolic EDCs in the water system, and to provide more comprehensive fundamental data for risk assessment and contamination control of phenolic EDCs in aquatic environment. Six phenolic EDCs were systematically evaluated in water and surface sediment in the estuaries of those rivers. The water and sediment samples were preconcentrated by solid-phase extraction system and microwave-assisted extraction system, respectively. Phenolic EDCs were analyzed by GC-MS (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) after derivatization. Phenolic EDCs were found ubiquitously in the aquatic environment. The total concentrations ranged from 248 to 4,650 ng/L in water, and 113 to 3,576 ng/g dry weight in surface sediment. The residue amount of phenolic EDCs in Dianchi Lake was 258 kg/a. Concentrations of the phenolic EDCs in the Lake decreased with increase in distance to the estuaries of those rivers which run through urban and industrial areas. The rivers seriously contaminated by phenolic EDCs were Xin River, Yunliang River, Chuanfang River, Cailian River, Jinjia River, Zhengda River, and Daqing River which run through the old area of Kunming City. Satisfying correlations were observed between the concentrations of the target compounds in water and in surface sediment. NP1EO, NP2EO, and BPA were identified as the three predominant phenolic EDCs. There were significant correlations between phenolic EDCs and many basic water quality parameters. Urban and industrial areas are the major contributors for phenolic EDCs, especially in Kunming City. Compositional profiles of phenolic EDCs in surface sediment were similar to those in river water. The concentrations of phenolic EDCs in the rivers located in the northwest part of the valley were very high, and posed a potential risk to aquatic organisms and even human. The concentrations of NP2EO, NP1EO, and BPA were at moderate levels of other areas. The basic water quality parameters (TOC, TN, DO, and pH) play important roles on the distribution, fate, and behavior of phenolic EDCs in the valley.     

共代谢基质对芽孢杆菌Y-4降解异喹啉的影响

以吡啶,葡萄糖和邻苯二甲酸作为共代谢基质,研究了它们对芽孢杆菌Y_4降解异喹啉的影响。实验结果表明各降解过程均遵循二级反应动力学方程：-dS／dt=K2S2＋K1S＋K0。吡啶的加入会抑制异喹啉的降解,并且吡啶的浓度越高,抑制作用越明显。反应体系中葡萄糖的浓度为100-800mg／L时,葡萄糖的加入会促进异喹啉的降解,且葡萄糖浓度越大,异喹啉降解速率P越大,当葡萄糖的浓度为800mg／L时,其降解率速率P可由未加葡萄糖的0．1924h。上升为0．2255h-1。适宜浓度的邻苯二甲酸会对异喹啉的降解产生促进作用,邻苯二甲酸的浓度为50mg／L时,异喹啉的降解速率可由原来的0．1924h-1增加到0．2145h-1,邻苯二甲酸浓度过高反而会抑制异喹啉的降解。     

不同流量分配比对多级A/O工艺去除有机物及脱氮的影响

采用三级A/O工艺分段进水工艺处理低碳源生活污水,考察了进水流量分配比对系统去除有机物、硝化反硝化能力以及去除TN的影响。通过对水质指标沿程监测结果表明,不同流量分配比(4∶3∶3,5∶3∶2,6∶3∶1)对系统去除有机物及硝化效率影响不大,出水COD、氨氮分别均在30 mg/L、1 mg/L以下。但反硝化效果受流量分配比的影响较大,在流量比为5∶3∶2时,有效利用原水中碳源进行反硝化,反硝化效果最好。在流量比为5∶3∶2的情况下,TN出水为5.7 mg/L去除率为82.9%,优于流量分配比为6∶3∶1和4∶3∶3时的脱氮效果。总体而言,分段进水工艺在对碳源的有效利用及能耗节省方面优于单点进水。     

La2O3-CeO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂还原脱硫耐氧特性及其反应机理研究

用浸渍法制备了一系列稀土催化剂,研究了其催化CO还原SO2为单质硫的耐氧特性及影响其耐氧性能的主要因素,运用XRD技术分析了催化剂物相的变化及脱硫产物成分.结果表明,12% La2O3-8% CeO2/γ-Al2O3复组分催化剂比其他La2O3-CeO2/γ-Al2O3催化剂具有更好的耐氧性能;脱硫温度、催化剂用量、SO2与CO的摩尔比等对催化剂的耐氧性能均有明显的影响.最后,探讨了稀土催化剂脱硫机理,并分析在有O2条件下,引起脱硫率下降的原因是反应过程中O2与CO、S发生了竞争性反应.     

北京春节期间大气颗粒物污染及影响

利用2006年春节期间的大气颗粒物浓度及粒径谱分布资料,结合大气能见度及NO2监测数据,分析了北京市鞭炮燃放禁改限后大气颗粒物污染的变化规律,以及对大气消光作用的影响.结果表明:春节期间特别是除夕夜大量鞭炮的集中燃放导致了大气颗粒物浓度的急剧升高,主要以细粒子为主;颗粒物浓度的升高致使大气能见度明显降低,鞭炮燃放最集中的时段,能见度低于2 km;燃放鞭炮产生的颗粒物是造成大气消光作用的主要因素.估算了北京市鞭炮燃放的颗粒物排放量,2006年除夕0:00～1:00市区排放了大约3.0×104kg PM10,官园监测点PM10小时最高质量浓度超过了800 μg/m3.元宵节夜间燃放鞭炮产生的颗粒物半衰期为2.4 h.     

错流式生物滴滤床净化甲苯废气

采用焦化厂污泥为菌源驯化甲苯降解菌,接种错流式生物滴滤床,净化含甲苯废气。研究了生物滴滤床的挂膜启动和长期运行情况,填料和营养液对滴滤床去除能力的影响,并对长期运行的压降进行了观察分析。反应器挂膜启动需要6 d时间,稳定运行的平均去除效率为95％,单位体积最大去除负荷为251 g/(m³·h)。结果表明,采用错流式生物滴滤床可以有效去除甲苯废气;以比表面积大的生物陶粒作为填料以及定期适量更换营养液,均有助于提高生物滴滤床的去除能力;错流式生物滴滤床具有压降小、气液分布均匀的特点。     

脱硫除雾器冲洗喷嘴冲洗特性试验研究

以湿法烟气脱硫工艺中常用的除雾器冲洗喷嘴为研究对象,加工了不同喷嘴芯旋度和排放口倒角半径的喷嘴。经过大量试验,系统地研究了冲洗喷嘴的冲洗流量、扩散角和均匀度的变化规律。研究结果表明,当喷嘴芯旋度为30°,排放口倒角半径在3．5 mm左右时,其冲洗效果较好。     

聚硅硫酸铝的形貌结构和絮凝机理

以工业水玻璃、工业硫酸铝为原料制得聚硅硫酸铝(PASS)复合絮凝剂,采用电子显微镜观察了不同,nAl/n(Si)的PASS的形貌,借助倒置式生物显微镜分析了PASS所形成絮体的形貌并用激光粒度分析仪对絮体粒度分布进行了测定,通过红外光谱和X-射线衍射研究了PASS中铝与聚硅酸的相互作用情况,考察了模拟江水中胶体颗粒物和PASS水解物的Zeta电位随pH值的变化,在此基础上探讨分析了PASS的絮凝机理和絮凝过程.结果发现:nAl/n(Si)对PASS的形貌有较大影响,絮体粒度分布的数据印证了该结果;红外光谱图表明PASS中有Si-O-Al振动峰出现,峰强度随nAl/n(Si)减小而增大;X-射线衍射图证实了聚硅硫酸铝不是晶体,而是铝水解产物与聚硅酸共同作用形成的无定型聚合物;吸附架桥及粘结卷裹作用是PASS絮凝时的主导作用.     

陶瓷膜生物反应器处理生活污水膜污染机理的研究

采用一个经典模型描述了陶瓷膜生物反应器处理生活污水过程中的通量衰减,通过模型参数分析了膜的污染机理.分析结果表明,孔径为50、200和500 nm的陶瓷膜主要由"部分孔堵塞"机理、"完全孔堵塞"机理和"部分孔堵塞"机理控制.实验表明,孔径为200 nm的陶瓷膜较适用于陶瓷膜生物反应器体系.