浅谈化工园区企业无组织排放有机废气的防治对策研究

当前,中国已基本实现了化工类企业的进园入区,虽然各企业实现了废气的达标排放,但由于叠加效应等因素的影响,化工异味已经成为环境监管的难点和群众投诉的焦点。通过对化工园区内企业无组织排放的各类有机废气的特点、毒性、种类和来源进行剖析,探讨了无组织排放有机废气的收集处理方法和相应治理措施对策,对该类废气的日常环境监管提出了具体建议,并结合实际案例强化了对无组织废气进行防治是完全可行和必要的。未来,加强化工园区内企业无组织排放废气的监管和新废气治理技术的研发应用,区域环境空气质量和群众对环境满意率必将得到显著提高。     

多因素作用下同庭湖洪水调蓄量的变化

用实测资料分析比较了出口水位31．0m时,洞庭湖调蓄量的变化趋势及影响调蓄量的各种因素。用多元线性回归方法建立了调蓄量经验公式,并用该公式计算分析了各因素对调蓄量变化的影响。结果表明,该公式能够较全面地反映调蓄量变化的原因,且能够近似区分淤积和围垦对调蓄量的影响。     

Weak indirect effects inherent to nitrogen biogeochemical cycling within anthropogenic ecosystems: A network environ analysis

Indirect effects are assumed to be the major causes of the complexity and stability of ecological networks. The complexity of urban-rural complexes (URCs) could also be attributed to the indirect effects associated with human activities. No studies, however, have quantified the strength of indirect effects in relation to urban biogeochemistry. A network environ analysis (NEA) was used for this study to investigate and compare indirect effects in relation to the nitrogen (N) cycling networks of 22 natural ecosystems and five URCs. Results show that indirect effects were proven to be weak for URC N cycling networks (accounting for only ∼2% of the overall effects measured in natural ecosystems). The weak indirect effects found provide a counterexample for the hypothesis that indirect effects are in fact the dominant components of biogeochemical networks. It also implies that human activity in itself does not always raise the complexity of ecological processes as previously suggested. Weak indirect effects also lead to perturbation fragility for URC N cycles (where the decay rate is greater in comparison to natural ecosystems by a factor of 13). In order to improve the robustness and efficiency of URC biogeochemical cycling, a knockout analysis was carried out. By comparing results after removing single interactions between natural ecosystems and URCs it was found that the loss of indirect effects require cooperative strategies to optimize N cycling networks within URCs.     

高校环境专业实验教学存在的问题及对策

实验教学在高校环境专业教学工作中发挥着越来越重要的作用。通过对高校环境专业实验教学的现状和所存在的问题进行分析,提出了优化实验教学内容、改进实验教学方法和考核方式等改进措施,以提高高校环境专业实验教学水平。     

异烟酸-吡唑啉酮光度法测定地表水中氰化物的质量控制指标研究

通过对大量监测数据进行统计分析,获得异烟酸-吡唑啉酮光度法（HJ484—2009）测定水中氰化物质量控制评定指标。研究表明：样品浓度在0．05～0．3mg／L范围内时,建议控制室内相对标准偏差≤3％,室间相对标准偏差≤10％;样品浓度小于等于0．05mg／L时,建议控制相对偏差≤10％;样品浓度大于0．05mg／L时,...     

Removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from aqueous solution on soybean stalk-based carbon

Soybean [ (L.) Merr.] stalk-based carbons were prepared by phosphoric acid activation at different carbonization temperatures. Characteristics of the prepared carbon, including specific surface area, iodine number, and amount of methylene blue sorption, were determined. Experiments on phenanthrene, naphthalene, and acenaphthene, as representatives of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), removal from aqueous solution by the prepared carbon were conducted at different levels of carbon addition. The results indicated that the specific surface area, iodine number, and amount of methylene blue sorption increased with an increase of carbonization temperature. The maximum values were observed at 700°C and were 287.63 m g, 508.99 mg g, and 90.14 mg g, respectively. The removal efficiencies of phenanthrene, naphthalene, and acenaphthene tended to increase with increasing carbon amounts and carbonization temperature. The optimal removal performance was obtained under the experimental conditions of carbon concentrations of 0.04 g 32 mL and carbonization temperature of 700°C, and the removal efficiencies of phenanthrene, naphthalene, and acenaphthene were 99.89, 100, and 95.64%, respectively. The performance of the prepared carbon was superior to that of commercial activated carbon. Additionally, for the same carbon concentrations, the removal efficiency of PAHs on prepared carbons followed the order: phenanthrene > naphthalene > acenaphthene. Results obtained from this work provide some insight into the reuse of an agricultural residue, and also provide a new application for the treatment of PAHs in contaminated water utilizing activated carbon prepared from agricultural residues.     

可靠性增长摸底试验方法研究分析

介绍了可靠性增长摸底试验方法的适用范围,对其试验对象进行了探讨,并对如何确定最佳试验时间的两种方法进行了研究.分析指出试验应力的选取也是影响可靠性增长摸底试验效果的关键因素,并用具体试验方案举例说明其有效性,证明了开展可靠性增长摸底试验这项工作可达到快速有效、节约经费的作用.     

吸附增效低温等离子体法去除甲苯废气的研究

采用150Hz中频高压交流电源作为低温等离子体发生源,选用典型的微孔γ-Al2O3球形颗粒吸附剂(以下简称γ-Al2O3)作为等离子体反应器填充材料,协同低温等离子体法催化降解甲苯废气。考察了在不同条件下,γ-Al2O3的甲苯吸脱附效果和吸附增效低温等离子体法的甲苯去除效果。结果表明,甲苯降解反应主要发生在γ-Al2O3的表面,甲苯的去除率在一定的浓度范围内与γ-Al2O3表面吸附的甲苯量成正比关系;填充γ-Al2O3有利于提高甲苯去除率及等离子体反应器能量利用率;γ-Al2O3对臭氧的降解表现出一定的促进作用。     

摇动床生物膜反应器和活性污泥法组合技术处理高浓度有机废水的研究

利用摇动床生物膜反应器(简称摇动床)技术具有的容积负荷高与污泥产量低的优点,在普通活性污泥池的前部填充高性能丙烯酸树脂纤维(Biofringe)填料,研究了摇动床和活性污泥法组合技术处理高浓度有机废水的有效性。结果表明,该组合技术具有很强的有机物去除能力,当进水COD平均质量浓度由1500mg/L上升到2514mg/L时,出水COD的平均去除率基本保持在96%以上;整个运行阶段的出水COD浓度均满足《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978—1996)的二级标准;当进水NH4+-N浓度增加时,NH4+-N的去除率由99.7%降低到76.5%,但是在试验运行的整个阶段,摇动床和活性污泥法组合技术系统都表现出较强的硝化能力;活性污泥池中最高的混合液悬浮固体(MLSS)质量浓度为10625mg/L,最高MLSS约为普通活性污泥法的4倍;运行结束后的污泥产率为0.186,污泥产率仅为普通活性污泥法的50%左右。     

废弃轮胎制备中孔炭吸附材料工艺及性能研究

为了解决废弃轮胎造成的资源浪费和环境污染的问题,对以废弃轮胎橡胶为碳的前驱体原料,制备具有高吸附性能中孔炭材料工艺进行了系统的研究。通过XRD、扫描电镜以及比表面积分析,对制备的中孔炭微观结构和性能进行表征,讨论了炭化温度、碱炭比,以及活化温度和活化时间等工艺条件对制备中孔炭的产率、结构和性能的影响。结果表明,通过改变工艺条件制备的中孔炭的孔径分布可以在2~80 nm范围内进行调控。在500℃炭化温度,碱炭比为4∶1,900℃活化1 h的工艺条件下,制备的中孔炭的比表面积为473 m2/g,对甲基橙的最大吸附量达到254 mg/g。