城市生活垃圾热分解特性的试验研究

本文在一台法国Setaram公司生产的TG -DTA92型热重差热分析仪上对 8种典型的城市生活垃圾组分进行了氮气环境下的热重 (TG)、微分热重 (DTG)和差热 (DTA)试验 ,研究了这些典型城市固体废物的热解特性 ,还以废纸为例研究了不同加热速率和不同终温对热解特性的影响 ,获得了它们的热解动力学特性参数 ,提出了相应的热解动力学反应模型。     

三峡库区燃煤,土壤和水库底泥中含汞量分布特征

详细研究了长江三峡库区燃煤，土壤和沉积物中汞的分布特征，以及湖泊沉积物中不同形态汞的含量，探讨了水库汞污染加重原因。     

香根草技术在道路路基防护与绿化上的作用

香根草具有耐涝、耐旱、耐瘠、耐火、生长快等生物学特性。同时又具有优良的工程参数如抗张强度、剪切强度、穿透性等，其庞大深扎的根系可有效地固定坡地土壤，防止浅层土体的位移。它易种植、好管理、成本低、所形成的绿篱可有效地防治水土流失，保护公路、铁路边坡，以及稳固堤岸、水坝、矿山等工程设施。     

特种化工废水的生物毒性、抑制性研究

某厂特种有机废水 ,含季铵盐和羟乙基纤维素。研究表明 ,他们在浓度分别超过 1 2 0 mg/L和 2 2 0 mg/L时 ,呈现生物毒性或抑制性 ,且随浓度增高而严重影响废水生化处理效果。当水样中季铵盐浓度小于 1 2 0 mg/L,羟乙基纤维素浓度小于 2 2 0 mg/L时 ,它们不具生物毒性 ,可作为营养物质被微生物利用。废水动态模拟试验表明 ,进水 CODCr30 0 0 mg/L的废水 ,用接触厌氧—好氧生化法能使出水达到当地排放标准。     

火电厂氮氧化物排放量的野外试验研究

本文利用浙江某电厂的大量野外实测资料,分析火电厂的氮氧化物排放量情况,并提出了电厂氮氧化物排放系数,经过实例分析,得到了较满意的结果.     

Micro-electrolysis technology for industrial wastewater treatment

Experiments were conducted to study the role of micro-electrolysis in removing chromaticity and COD and improving the biodegradability of wastewater from pharmaceutical.dye-printing and papermaking plants.Results showed that the use of micro-electrolysis technology could remove more than 90% of chromaticity and more than 50% of COD and greatly improved the biodegradability of pharmaceutical wastewater.Lower initial pH could be advantageous to the removal of chromaticity. A retention time of 30 minutes was recommended for the process design of micro-electrolysis.For the use of micro-electrolysis in treatment of dye-printing wastewater,the removal rates of both chromaticity and COD were increased from neutral condition to acid condition for disperse blue wastewater;more than 90% of chromaticity and more than 50% of COD could be removed in neutral condition for vital red wastewater.     

Atomic force microscopy study on the microtopography of natural organic matter and newly formed hydrous MnO2

To understand the water purification mechanism of potassium permanganate as a coagulation-aid during the preoxidation process, the microtopography of its reductive products, the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide and the aged hydrous manganese dioxide, was investigated. The morphology of natural organic matter (NOM) adsorbed by the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide was also compared with that of NOM alone. By using the tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM), the observation results show that the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide possess a perforated sheet (with a thickness of 0–1.75 nm) as well as some spherical particle structures compared with the hydrous manganese dioxide with 2 h aging time, which demonstrated that the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide had a large surface area and adsorption capacity. When 1 mmol/L newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide was added, the microtopography of NOM molecules shifted from a loosely dispersed pancake shape (with adsorption height of 5–8.5 nm) to a densely dispersed and uniform spherical structure. These results provide a valid proof that it is the perfect adsorption capability of the newly formed hydrous manganese dioxide that might result in the coagulation aid effect of potassium permanganate preoxidation. Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(5): 945–949 [译自: 环境科学]     

黄河三门峡库区段水污染物排放总量控制研究

根据黄河水资源保护规划的要求，对黄河三门峡库区段水污染物允许排污总量进行计算，在此基础上采用黑箱模型，建立了区域排污与控制河段目标总量之间的输入响应关系，并根据允许入黄量确定对各污染源的排污控制要求，为实施区域环境总量控制奠定基础。     

持续农业内涵的目标界定

本文试用持续农业的目标来界定持续农业的内涵。持续农业就是具有农业生产可持续性、经济可持续性、生态可持续性和农村社会可持续性的农业。首先分别阐述了持续农业的４个目标，然后就目标之间的相关与独立关系、轻重缓急关系做了分析     

基于RS和GIS的长沙城市热岛效应与TSP污染耦合关系

城市热岛效应反映了城市化发展对城市环境的影响,是影响城市生态环境的一个重要因素。文章以长沙市为例,利用3S技术与传统技术相结合对大气中总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)在城市热岛中的作用与贡献进行了研究。结果表明,长沙城市热岛效应与TSP污染在空间与时间分布上都具有耦合关系。采用RS和GIS技术可以从空间上对TSP在城市热岛中的贡献进行研究。长沙市TSP污染的分布特征和热岛强度分布状况基本一致,都是由市中心往外逐渐减轻。TSP高值区,城区呈高温区;TSP低值区,城区呈低温区。采用长沙市TSP高值区、TSP低值区的两个监测点2002年逐月TSP监测数据及相应气象统计数据,从时间上对TSP污染与城市热岛效应进行了相关性研究,长沙市TSP污染与热岛强度在年度分布上存在正相关关系。随着长沙城市建设和城市化速度的加快,城市热岛强度有逐年增强的趋势。3S技术与传统技术相结合,使科学研究更客观、准确。3S技术用于中尺度的区域环境质量调查,可实现空间区域的定量表达,而传统技术获取的环境背景数据,则从微观上对空间数据的准确性进行验证。