ICCLP: An Inexact Chance-Constrained Linear Programming Model for Land-Use Management of Lake Areas in Urban Fringes

Lake areas in urban fringes are under increasing urbanization pressure. Consequently, the conflict between rapid urban development and the maintenance of water bodies in such areas urgently needs to be addressed. An inexact chance-constrained linear programming (ICCLP) model for optimal land-use management of lake areas in urban fringes was developed. The ICCLP model was based on land-use suitability assessment and land evaluation. The maximum net economic benefit (NEB) was selected as the objective of land-use allocation. The total environmental capacity (TEC) of water systems and the public financial investment (PFI) at different probability levels were considered key constraints. Other constraints included in the model were land-use suitability, governmental requirements on the ratios of various land-use types, and technical constraints. A case study implementing the system was performed for the lake area of Hanyang at the urban fringe of Wuhan, central China, based on our previous study on land-use suitability assessment. The Hanyang lake area is under significant urbanization pressure. A 15-year optimal model for land-use allocation is proposed during 2006 to 2020 to better protect the water system and to gain the maximum benefits of development. Sixteen constraints were set for the optimal model. The model results indicated that NEB was between $1.48 × 10⁹ and $8.76 × 10⁹ or between $3.98 × 10⁹ and $16.7 × 10⁹, depending on the different urban-expansion patterns and land demands. The changes in total developed area and the land-use structure were analyzed under different probabilities (q _i ) of TEC. Changes in q _i resulted in different urban expansion patterns and demands on land, which were the direct result of the constraints imposed by TEC and PFI. The ICCLP model might help local authorities better understand and address complex land-use systems and develop optimal land-use management strategies that better balance urban expansion and grassland conservation.     

外源群体感应-好氧反硝化菌强化生物膜脱氮研究

重点研究了外源添加高AHLs调控能力的群体感应-异养硝化好氧反硝化菌(QS-HNAD)过程中生物膜反应器的运行、生物膜生理生化特征、信号分子浓度、脱氮功能基因含量、群落组成和空间结构的变化.结果表明,高C/N比(8～14)条件更有利于其促进反应器脱氮效能:添加群体感应Pseudomonas mendocina促进了反应器的反硝化,而添加Pseudomonas putida提高了氨氮的去除.与水相比,生物膜相信号分子对于环境变化具有更灵敏的响应,C6-HSL是潜在调控生物膜修复和强化脱氮的信号分子.荧光定量qPCR表明,外源添加QS-HNAD有效促进了氨氧化、硝酸盐还原和一氧化氮还原过程.微生物群落结构分析表明,添加不同外源QS-HNAD菌的生物膜微生物群落结构差异较大,P.mendocina菌促进了放线菌、TM7、变形菌在生物膜中富集.     

Leaf metabolic influence of glyphosate and nanotubes on the Arabidopsis thaliana phyllosphere

Chemical exposure can indirectly affect leaf microbiota communities, but the mechanism driving this phenomenon remains largely unknown. Results revealed that the co-exposure of glyphosate and multi-carbon nanotubes (CNTs) caused a synergistic inhibitory effect on the growth and metabolism of Arabidopsis thaliana shoots. However, only a slight inhibitory effect was induced by nanotubes or glyphosate alone at the tested concentrations. Several intermediate metabolites of nitrogen metabolism and fatty acid synthesis pathways were upregulated under the combined treatment, which increased the amount of energy required to alleviate the disruption caused by the combined treatment. Additionally, compared with the two individual treatments, the glyphosate/nanotube combination treatment induced greater fluctuations in the phyllosphere bacterial community members with low abundance (relative abundance (RA) <1%) at both the family and genus levels, and among these bacteria some plant growth promotion and nutrient supplement related bacteria were markable increased. Strikingly, strong correlations between phyllosphere bacterial diversity and metabolites suggested a potential role of leaf metabolism, particularly nitrogen and carbohydrate metabolism, in restricting the range of leaf microbial taxa. These correlations between phyllosphere bacterial diversity and leaf metabolism will improve our understanding of plant-microbe interactions and the extent of their drivers of variation and the underlying causes of variability in bacterial community composition.     

A new method to estimate the temperature-CVD mortality relationship

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Few detailed, individual-focused studies have researched the added effect of temperature on cardiovascular disease (CVD), particularly in China....     

复合式生物滤池处理农村生活污水工程实例

以苏南常州市民丰村为例,介绍了复合式生物滤池对农村生活污水处理的应用。运行结果表明:该村生活污水经复合式生物滤池处理后,其COD、NH3-N、TN和TP指标均低于GB 18918—2002《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》一级B标准,运行稳定,说明复合式生物滤池技术适宜在苏南农村地区推广应用。     

城市垃圾的再生利用

介绍了城市垃圾的种类及其危害,提出了将城市垃圾进行再生利用的一般程序及各种技术措施。     

长距离污染传输对珠江三角洲区域空气质量影响的数值模拟研究

采用CMAQ模型系统对珠江三角洲(以下简称珠三角)区域2006年主要大气污染物浓度进行模拟,获得该区域主要污染物浓度时空分布和大气传输季节变化特征,并结合其它相关研究方法分析长距离传输对珠三角区域空气质量的影响.模型模拟结果揭示了珠三角NO2、SO2、PM10、PM2.5浓度具有秋冬季高、春夏季低的季节变化特征,而珠三角O3浓度的高值出现在秋季.零排放扰动法表明长距离传输对珠三角15个区域监测子站NO2、SO2、PM10和PM2.5浓度平均贡献分别为2.6%、13.9%、24.2%和28.1%,并且秋冬季长距离传输贡献大于春夏季.反向轨迹聚类方法显示珠三角区域代表性站点万顷沙72 h反向控制气团依据其来向可分为沿岸气团、大陆气团、区域环流和海洋气团.万顷沙站点主要污染物小时观测浓度大于150μg·m-3的时段与短距离沿岸气团、短距离大陆气团以及区域环流主导下的污染物传输密切相关.四维传输通量分析结果证实,NO2污染传输通道无法由广东省外延伸至珠三角地区,因此珠三角大气NO2浓度主要来源于广东省内的排放.珠三角在受沿岸气团或大陆气团控制时存在从福建省或江西省一直延伸至珠三角的SO2和PM2.5高通量污染传输通道.因此控制珠三角区域大气污染需考虑区域背景气象条件差异,针对不同污染物采取不同的区域联防联控措施.     

Optimizing the operation of the Qingshitan Reservoir in the Lijiang River for multiple human interests and quasi-natural flow maintenance

For reservoir operation, maintaining a quasi-natural flow regime can benefit river ecosystems, but may sacrifice human interests. This study took the Qingshitan Reservoir in the Lijiang River as a case, and developed an optimization model to explore a trade-off solution between social-economic interests and nature flow maintenance on a monthly base. The objective function considered irrigation, cruise navigation and water supply aspects. An index of flow alteration degree was proposed to measure the difference between the regulated discharge and the natural flow. The index was then used as an additional constraint in the model besides the conventional constraints on reservoir safety. During model solving, different criteria were applied to the index, representing various degrees of alteration of the natural flow regime in the river. Through the model, a relationship between social-economic interests and flow alteration degree was established. Finally, a trade-off solution of the reservoir operation was defined that led to a favorable social-economic benefit at an acceptable alteration of the natural flow.     

基于风险定量分析的化工装置事故演变动态模拟

为研究化工装置在突发事故情景下事故各阶段演变趋势规律和差异情况,进行定量评估化工装置风险,在此基础上确定重点监控化工装置。基于系统动力学原理和方法以及Vensim软件仿真模拟功能,以层次变量"安全防护性能→事故隐患危险性"作为主要变量,辅以多个辅助变量(即影响因素指标)的补充和完善,构建突发事故情景下事故各阶段的化工装置事故演变规律因果图和系统图并模拟。仿真模拟结果表明,安全防护性能和事故隐患危险性在化工事故情景下的事故演变趋势存在明显差异,相对于以往单一的对化工事故后果的定量风险分析,其对事故演变过程进行动态模拟研究有较明显的进步。     

Source apportionment of PM2.5 light extinction in an urban atmosphere in China

Haze in China is primarily caused by high pollution of atmospheric fine particulates (PM_2.5). However, the detailed source structures of PM_2.5 light extinction have not been well established, especially for the roles of various organic aerosols, which makes haze management lack specified targets. This study obtained the mass concentrations of the chemical compositions and the light extinction coefficients of fine particles in the winter in Dongguan, Guangdong Province, using high time resolution aerosol observation instruments. We combined the positive matrix factor (PMF) analysis model of organic aerosols and the multiple linear regression method to establish a quantitative relationship model between the main chemical components, in particular the different sources of organic aerosols and the extinction coefficients of fine particles with a high goodness of fit (R² = 0.953). The results show that the contribution rates of ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA), secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and black carbon (BC) were 48.1%, 20.7%, 15.0%, 10.6%, and 5.6%, respectively. It can be seen that the contribution of the secondary aerosols is much higher than that of the primary aerosols (79.4% versus 20.6%) and are a major factor in the visibility decline. BBOA is found to have a high visibility destroying potential, with a high mass extinction coefficient, and was the largest contributor during some high pollution periods. A more detailed analysis indicates that the contribution of the enhanced absorption caused by BC mixing state was approximately 37.7% of the total particle absorption and should not be neglected.