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71.
研究了乌鲁木剂铁路局系统污水治理污染控制方法及途径,提出了主要污染物为石油类,其最佳治理对策是:确定重点污染单位、污染源、用最低的治理投入,选择斜板隔油气浮工艺治理重点污染和次重点污染部门,得到较好的治理效果,否定盲目追求“零排放”的高投入方案。 相似文献
72.
Sun HF Takata A Hata N Kasahara I Taguchi S 《Journal of environmental monitoring : JEM》2003,5(6):891-895
The degradation, sorption, transportation and material balance of cationic surfactants discharged from domestic waste into river water was studied. Ion-pair solid-phase extraction behavior showed that the sorption of cationic surfactants as an ion-pair with anionic surfactant onto river sediment was so strong that little cationic surfactant was found in the bulk water. Cationic surfactant was found in river sediment at more than 500 times higher concentration than that in the bulk water. The degradation of the cationic surfactant was very slow in river water and much slower in the sediment. A material balance of cationic surfactant was estimated for a river running through Toyama City by measuring the flow rate and the concentration of cationic surfactant in the water at several points. It was found that more than 30% of cationic surfactant introduced to the river was lost during the river running through ca. 3 km in 3 h. This reduction probably comes from a quick transfer of the cationic surfactant from river water to sediment and water weed by means of adsorption or precipitation with suspending solids. 相似文献
73.
Assessing land use impacts on flood processes in complex terrain by using GIS and modeling approach 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Y. B. Liu F. De Smedt L. Hoffmann L. Pfister 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2005,9(4):227-235
A distributed hydrologic modeling and GIS approach is applied for the assessment of land use impact in the Steinsel sub-basin, Alzette, Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg. The assessment focuses on the runoff contributions from different land use classes and the potential impact of land use changes on runoff generation. The results show that the direct runoff from urban areas is dominant for a flood event compared with runoff from other land use areas in this catchment, and tends to increase for small floods and for the dry season floods, whereas the interflow from forested, pasture and agricultural field areas contributes to the recession flow. Significant variations in flood volume, peak discharge, time to the peak, etc., are found from the model simulation based on the three hypothetical land use change scenarios. 相似文献
74.
Application of a checklist for quality assistance in environmental modelling to an energy model 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
James Risbey Jeroen van der Sluijs Penny Kloprogge Jerry Ravetz Silvio Funtowicz Serafin Corral Quintana 《Environmental Modeling and Assessment》2005,10(1):63-79
Large, complex energy models present considerable challenges to develop and test. Uncertainty assessments of such models provide only partial guidance on the quality of the results. We have developed a model quality assistance checklist to aid in this purpose. The model checklist provides diagnostic output in the form of a set of pitfalls for the model application. The checklist is applied here to an energy model for the problem of assessing energy use and greenhouse gas emissions. Use of the checklist suggests that results on this issue are contingent on a number of assumptions that are highly value-laden. When these assumptions are held fixed, the model is deemed capable of producing moderately robust results of relevance to climate policy over the longer term. Checklist responses also indicate that a number of details critical to policy choices or outcomes on this issue are not captured in the model, and model results should therefore be supplemented with alternative analyses. 相似文献
75.
对悬浮颗粒物室外人体暴露的测定一直受到可用资源的限制。设计有效的网络就要求对测定方法的选择、采样点的数量、采样时间、采样频率等进行调整。采样位置要求能表征因周围污染源对附近地区和城市最小影响的空间数值。虽然大多数判定PM是否达标的测定方法是每第3天至第6天的24h监测,但是室外人体暴露的评价要求连续监测一整天。最好有1h或更短时间的监测时段。更详细的粒径大小和化学性质数据也很有必要,因为较小的颗粒及其特殊的化学物质要比总的样品质量更有助于反映对健康的不良影响。 相似文献
76.
对悬浮颗粒物室外人体暴露的测定一直受到可用资源的限制,设计有效的网络就要求对测定方法的选择、采样点的数量、采样时间、采样频率等进行调整。采样位置要求能表征因周围污染源对附近地区和城市最小影响的空间数值。虽然大多数判定PM是否达标的测定方法是每第3天至第6天的24h监测,但是室外人体暴露的评价要求连续监测一整天,最好有1h或更短时间的监测时段。更详细的粒径大小和化学性质数据也很有必要,因为较小的颗粒及其特殊的化学物质要比总的样品质量更有助于反映对缝康的不良影响。 相似文献
77.
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79.
以环境科学研究两变量非线性相关的问题为对象,讨论建立线性回归方程的方法。有绝对误差均方和最小的最小二乘法、相对误差最小的新回归法。以简易的方法,建立相关性好、误差小的回归方程。介绍了两变量各种非线性相关时的线性回归方程在环境科学研究中的应用。 相似文献
80.