Adsorption of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole from aqueous solution by organo-bentonite

The adsorption behavior of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole onto organo-bentonite was investigated.Natural bentonite from Gaozhou in Guangdong Province,China was collected.Organo-bentonite was prepared by intercalation of cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide into the natural bentonite.The physicochemical properties of the prepared organo-bentonite were characterized by X-ray diffraction,N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.The results showed that montmorillonite is the main component of the natural bentonite.The basal spacing of the natural bentonite is 1.47 nm,which increased to 1.98 nm on intercalation with cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide.Moreover,both the surface area and pore volume increased with intercalation.Clear CH2 stretching(3000-2800 cm-1) and scissoring(1480-1450 cm-1) modes of the intercalated surfactants were observed for organobentonite.Compared with the pseudo first-order kinetic model,the pseudo second-order kinetic model is more suitable to describe the adsorption kinetics of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole onto organo-bentonite.The adsorption capacity of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole onto organo-bentonite increased with increasing initial concentration of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole,but decreased with increasing adsorbent dosage.The adsorption isotherm of 2-mercaptobenzothiazole onto organo-bentonite fits well with the Langmuir model.The maximum adsorption capacity of organo-bentonite for 2-mercaptobenzothiazole was 33.61 mg/g,indicating that organo-bentonite is a promising adsorbent for 2-mercaptobenzothiazole.     

Interface-mediated synthesis of monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles with sulfate-reducing bacterium culture

We have created a new method of ZnS nanospheres synthesis. By interface-mediated precipitation method (IMPM), monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles was synthesized on the particle surface of sulfate-reducing bacterium nutritious agar culture. Sulfate-reducing bacterium (SRB) was used as a sulfide producer because of its dissimilatory sulfate reduction capability, meanwhile produced a variety of amino acids acting as templates for nanomaterials synthesis. Then zinc acetate was dispersed into nutritious agar plate. Subsequently agar plate was broken into particles bearing much external surface, which successfully mediated the synthesis of monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles. The morphology of monodisperse ZnS nanospheres and SRB were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the microstructure was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The thermostability of ZnS nanoparticles was determined by thermo gravimetric-differential thermo gravimetric (TG-DTG). The maximum absorption wavelengh was analysed with an ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer within a range of 199–700 nm. As a result, monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles were successfully synthesized, with an average diameter of 80 nm. Maximum absorption wavelengh was 228 nm, and heat decomposed temperature of monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles was 596°C.     

Interface-mediated synthesis of monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles with sulfate-reducing bacterium culture

We have created a new method of ZnS nanospheres synthesis. By interface-mediated precipitation method (IMPM), monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles was synthesized on the particle surface of sulfate-reducing bacterium nutritious agar culture. Sulfate-reducing bacterium (SRB) was used as a sulfide producer because of its dissimilatory sulfate reduction capability, meanwhile produced a variety of amino acids acting as templates for nanomaterials synthesis. Then zinc acetate was dispersed into nutritious agar plate. Subsequently agar plate was broken into particles bearing much external surface, which successfully mediated the synthesis of monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles. The morphology of monodisperse ZnS nanospheres and SRB were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the microstructure was investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The thermostability of ZnS nanoparticles was determined by thermo gravimetric-differential thermo gravimetric (TG-DTG). The maximum absorption wavelengh was analysed with an ultravioletvisible spectrophotometer within a range of 199-700 nm. As a result, monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles were successfully synthesized, with an average diameter of 80 nm. Maximum absorption wavelengh was 228 nm, and heat decomposed temperature of monodisperse ZnS nanoparticles was 596℃.     

Identification of key factors governing chemistry in groundwater near the water course recharged by reclaimed water at Miyun County, Northern China

Reclaimed water was successfully used to recover the dry Chaobai River in Northern China, but groundwater may be polluted. To ensure groundwater protection, it is therefore critical to identify the governing factors of groundwater chemistry. Samples of reclaimed water, river and groundwater were collected monthly at Chaobai River from January to September in 2010. Fifteen water parameters were analyzed. Two kinds of reclaimed water were different in type (Na-Ca-Mg-Cl-HCO3 or Na-Ca-Cl-HCO3 ) and concentration of nitrogen. The ionic concentration and type in river were similar to reclaimed water. Some shallow wells near the river bed had the same type (Na-Ca-Mg-Cl-HCO3 ) and high concentration as reclaimed water, but others were consistent with the deep wells (Ca-Mg-HCO3 ). Using cluster analysis, the 9 months were divided into two periods (dry and wet seasons), and all samples were grouped into several spatial clusters, indicating different controlling mechanisms. Principal component analysis and conventional ionic plots showed that calcium, magnesium and bicarbonate were controlled by water-rock interaction in all deep and some shallow wells. This included the dissolution of calcite and carbonate weathering. Sodium, potassium, chloride and sulfate in river and some shallow wells recharged by river were governed by evaporation crystallization and mixing of reclaimed water. But groundwater chemistry was not controlled by precipitation. During the infiltration of reclaimed water, cation exchange took place between (sodium, potassium) and (calcium, magnesium). Nitrification and denitrification both happened in most shallow groundwater, but only denitrification in deep groundwater.     

不同类型湖泊沉积物中氮释放规律研究

通过对武汉市东湖子湖郭郑湖、庙湖以及南湖这3个不同类型的湖泊进行释氮模拟实验,结果表明:(1)在厌氧条件下,不同污染程度的湖泊中沉积物释氮作用均比较明显。为了抑制沉积物向上覆水释氮,控制湖泊富营养化,保持湖泊较高的溶解氧水平是必要的。(2)在厌氧条件下,高温对不同类型湖泊总氮和氨氮的释放均能起到促进作用。(3)沉积物与上覆水间污染物的浓度梯度越大,总氮和氨氮的释放速率与释氮量也越大,此时温度的影响不明显。(4)通过比较3类湖泊沉积物上覆水中总氮和氨氮两者的释放浓度可知,氨氮的释放贡献十分显著,因此控制氨氮的释放量对于控制湖泊氮释放量具有显著效果。     

水中氨氮测定不确定度的评定

采用蒸馏-中和滴定法测定水中氨氮,建立数学模型,找出影响不确定度的来源并进行各分量不确定度的评价,如实反映测量的置信度和准确度.     

昆明市主城区三种温室气体的月份和干、湿季的小时变化规律及原因分析

研究了昆明市主城区3种温室气体浓度的最新变化情况,采用2009年、2010年和2011年的月份和小时平均浓度数据,结合昆明市气候特点,对3种温室气体浓度的月份和干、湿季的小时变化规律及原因进行了分析。     

基于LandsatTM数据的济宁市水体识别方法研究

文章基于济宁市2009年LANDSAT TM影像,根据影像各波段间的相关性和地物在各影像上的灰度差异,分别采用单波段阈值法、多波段谱间关系法、改进的水体指数法(MNDWI)及HIS空间水体提取模型法对济宁市水体信息进行识别提取。在此基础上,结合归一化指数法和HIS空间水体提取模型,提出了一种综合性的水体信息提取方法,并对各方法提取结果进行了精度评价。结果表明,已有方法对济宁市水体识别存在一定的缺陷,而综合法集成了归一化指数法和HIS空间水体模型的优点,很好地弥补了已有方法的不足,对济宁市水体信息进行了较好的提取,尤其是细小水体,同时也很好地消除了建筑物、阴影、水生植被等的影响,提高了济宁市水体信息识别的精度,为更好地定量评价济宁市地表水体时空演变规律等提供帮助。     

胶东半岛农村地区地下水重金属健康风险评价——以山东省莱阳市为例

重金属健康风险评价对居民身体健康具有重要意义。使用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)测定了莱阳市农村的31个地下水体中重金属Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn、Cd和Cr的含量水平,阐明了该地区重金属的空间分布特征、来源及其迁移规律,并运用美国环保局推荐的健康风险评价模型对其引起的健康风险进行了评价。结果表明,该地区地下水中Cr未检出,Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn和Cd的浓度范围分别是0～59、23～905、29～50 700、3～2 999、0～1μg/L。根据我国饮用水质量标准,所有样点中Cu和Cd的浓度未超标,Zn、Mn和Fe的超标率分别为22.58%、16.13%和6.45%,个别样点超标倍数甚高。健康风险评价结果表明,Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn通过饮用水途径产生的健康风险平均值分别为3.49×10-10、1.91×10-10、100.50×10-10、37.40×10-10a-1,均远低于ICRP(5×10-5a-1)和USEPA(1×10-4a-1)的最大可接受风险水平。但是Zn和Mn对人体健康危害的平均个人年风险明显高于其他地区,因此,该研究区非致癌物Zn和Mn的污染来源及其环境行为应该引起重视。该研究为该区域水质污染状况研究及治理监管工作提供理论依据,为其他地区重金属的监测和质量控制提供参考。     

农地利用对露天煤矿废弃地土壤质量的影响

露天采矿对土壤质量造成了剧烈扰动,采矿废弃地的土地利用方式是影响复垦地生态恢复的重要原因。文章选择平朔露天煤矿区的设施农用地、耕地、人工草地、裸荒地和原始农田等5种典型土地利用方式为研究对象,通过野外调查,对比分析了土壤物理性质、团聚体稳定性、养分状况和酶活。结果显示受采矿扰动后的废弃裸荒地土壤质量严重下降,农地复垦有利于恢复和保护矿区废弃地土壤,但不同农地利用方式对土壤质量恢复存在显著差异。设施农用地有利于土壤的理化性质、团聚体稳定性、养分状况和土壤生物活性的全面恢复,耕地和人工草地的复垦对容重、团聚体稳定性和土壤酶活具有一定改善作用,但难以在2年内达到原地貌相当水平,养分状况较废弃裸荒地几乎没有改善。研究结果说明,设施农用地可以较快地恢复矿山废弃地土壤质量,耕地和人工草地如果缺乏科学合理的肥力管理措施很难在短期内取得成效。