基于CFD分析的呼吸防护面具罩体设计

分析呼吸防护面具研究领域在呼吸阻力方面的研究情况,提出基于计算流体力学分析的呼吸防护面具罩体设计方案,在设计过程中添加以计算流体力学分析为手段的有限元模拟仿真模块。通过ANSYS产品ICEM CFD与CFX对设计模型进行网格划分与流体分析,根据仿真结果对初步设计的模型进行结构优化再设计。     

卧式电除尘器电晕极优化实验研究

运用粉尘粒子荷电原理,对四种电晕极的主要技术性能进行了试验研究,探讨了卧式电除尘器的最佳极配形式。     

长输管道作业人员健康影响因素分析

目的调查长输管道典型输气站场职业病危害及周围环境对健康的影响,提出防护建议。方法调查输气站场职业病危害程度及周围环境因素(污染物排放、生物因素)影响,综合分析作业人员健康防护要点。结果日常作业属于低风险,非正常(周边企业事故、污染物排放)状态下作业过程属于高风险(急性中毒);有毒动物(毒蛇等)、地方病等存在潜在健康危害。结论影响长输管道作业人员健康的主要因素包括职业性急性中毒、有毒动物咬伤和血吸虫病等。     

Growth responses of the newly-discovered Cd-hyperaccumulator Rorippa globosa and its accumulation characteristics of Cd and As under joint stress of Cd and As

Rorippa globosa has been identified as a newly-found Cd-hyperaccumulating species. In the present study, growth responses of Rorippa globosa and its accumulation characteristics of Cd and As were examined under joint stress of Cd and As. The results showed that Cd and As had an antagonistic effect on enhancing the growth of Rorippa globosa plants and Cd uptake and accumulation under the low concentration Cd and As treatments. When the concentration of Cd in the soil was 10 mg/kg and the concentration of As was 50 mg/kg, the highest growing height of the plant was up to 35.9 cm and the dry weight of the shoots was up to 2.2 g/pot, respectively. Meanwhile, the accumulation of Cd in the leaves under the joint stress was higher than that at the same level under single Cd pollution. However, there were synergic adverse effects on plant growth and Cd uptake under the combined pollution from a high concentration of Cd and As. Meanwhile, the accumulation of As in the roots was greater than that in the shoots, the translocation factor (TF) was ?0.3 and the bioaccumulation factor (BF) was ?0.6, thus showing that Rorippa globosa had an excluding effect on As uptake. These results confirmed that Rorippa globosa had a strong tolerant ability to the joint stress of Cd and As, and the potential for phytoremediation of soils contaminated by Cd and As.     

Risk assessment of potentially toxic element pollution in soils and rice (Oryza sativa) in a typical area of the Yangtze River Delta

Soil pollution with potentially toxic elements (PTEs) resulting from rapid industrial development has caused major concerns. Selected PTEs and their accumulation and distribution in soils and rice (Oryza sativa) collected from Changshu, east China, were analyzed to evaluate the potential health risk to the local population. The soils were primarily contaminated with Hg, followed by Cu, Cd, Pb, and Zn. The concentrations of Pb, Hg, and Cd of 46, 32, and 1 rice samples exceeded their national maximum allowable levels in foods, respectively. Spatial distributions of total Cr, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd in soils shared similar geographical trends. The risk assessment of PTEs through rice consumption suggests that the concentrations of Cu, Pb, and Cd in some rice samples exceed their reference oral dose for adults and children. In general, there was no target hazard quotient value of any individual element that was greater than 1, but hazard index values for adults and children were 1.726 and 1.523, respectively.     

Measurement of Ozone Concentrations in Ambient Air Using a Badge-Type Passive Monitor

Abstract

A badge-type passive monitor was used to evaluate the effectiveness of four ozone trapping reagents for measuring O₃ concentrations in the air. These were sodium nitrite (NaNO₂), 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone acetone azine (MBTH), p-acetamidophenol (p-ATP), and indigo carmine. Experiments in an exposure chamber showed that only NaNO₂ and MBTH monitors gave sensitive and linear responses over realistic ranges of O₃ concentrations. When tested in ambient air, NaNO₂ and MBTH monitors with a single-layer diffusion barrier overestimated O₃ concentrations by a significant amount. This was largely canceled out in the NaNO₂ monitor by using a multi-layered diffusion barrier to combat wind turbulence effects. However it had almost no effect on the MBTH monitor, and it was found that NO₂ was a source of serious interference. We concluded that using the NaNO₂ monitor with an effective diffusion barrier can measure O₃ in ambient air with an accuracy of ±16%.