Enhanced microbial reduction of aqueous hexavalent chromium by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 with biochar as electron shuttle

Biochar, carbonaceous material produced from biomass pyrolysis, has been demonstrated to have electron transfer property(associated with redox active groups and multi condensed aromatic moiety), and to be also involved in biogeochemical redox reactions. In this study, the enhanced removal of Cr(VI) by Shewanella oneidensis MR-1(MR-1) in the presence of biochars with different pyrolysis temperatures(300 to 800 °C) was investigated to understand how biochar interacts with Cr(VI) reducing bacteria ...     

2012年国内外炼化企业非计划停工分析及对策

通过对2012年国内外炼化企业发生的273起非计划停工事件的分析,可以发现:企业规模大的石化公司和炼化主要装置非计划停工起数多,非计划停工的主要原因是设备故障、电网停电和工艺问题。提出了建立设备完整性管理体系、加强员工培训、加强设备预防性检维修工作和加强电网监测的对策。     

Comprehensive evaluation method of urban air quality statistics based on environmental monitoring data and its application

Air quality monitoring is effective for timely understanding of the current air quality status of a region or city. Currently, the huge volume of environmental monitoring data, which has reasonable real-time performance, provides strong support for in-depth analysis of air pollution characteristics and causes. However, in the era of big data, to meet current demands for fine management of the atmospheric environment, it is important to explore the characteristics and causes of air pollution from multiple aspects for comprehensive and scientific evaluation of air quality. This study reviewed and summarized air quality evaluation methods on the basis of environmental monitoring data statistics during the 13th Five-Year Plan period, and evaluated the level of air pollution in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region and its surrounding areas (i.e., the “2+26” region) during the period of the three-year action plan to fight air pollution. We suggest that air quality should be comprehensively, deeply, and scientifically evaluated from the aspects of air pollution characteristics, causes, and influences of meteorological conditions and anthropogenic emissions. It is also suggested that a three-year moving average be introduced as one of the evaluation indexes of long-term change of pollutants. Additionally, both temporal and spatial differences should be considered when removing confounding meteorological factors.     

环境（非关税）贸易壁垒的发展趋势与我国企业的对策

根据国际贸易中的绿争贸易争端分析了绿色贸易壁垒的发展趋势。我国即将加入WTO，作者基于这一现实提出了我国企业在加入WTO后冲破绿色壁垒的七点对策。     

安全质量评估体系及其在危险货物道路运输中的应用

介绍了安全质量评估体系的产生和发展、评估方法及其与ISO 9000标准之间的区别.     

Efficient degradation of organic pollutants with ferrous hydroxide colloids as heterogeneous Fenton-like activator of hydrogen peroxide

The capacity of a full-scale reclamation pond-constructed wetland (CW) system to eliminate 27 emerging contaminants (i.e. pharmaceuticals, sunscreen compounds, fragrances, antiseptics, fire retardants, pesticides, and plasticizers) and the seasonal occurrence of these contaminants is studied. The compounds with the highest concentrations in the secondary effluent are diclofenac, caffeine, ketoprofen, and carbamazepine. The results show that the constructed wetland (61%) removes emerging contaminants significantly more efficiently than the pond (51%), presumably due to the presence of plants (Phragmites and Thypa) as well as the higher hydraulic residence time (HRT) in the CW. A greater seasonal trend to the efficient removal of these compounds is observed in the pond than in the CW. The overall mass removal efficiency of each individual compound ranged from 27% to 93% (71% on average), which is comparable to reported data in advanced treatments (photo-fenton and membrane filtration). The seasonal average content of emerging contaminants in the river water (2488 ng L⁻¹) next to the water reclamation plant is found to be higher than the content in the final reclaimed water (1490 ng L⁻¹), suggesting that the chemical quality of the reclaimed water is better than available surface waters.     

Combination of rhamnolipid and biochar in assisting phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon contaminated soil using Spartina anglica

Biochar(BC) and rhamnolipid(RL) is used in bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons,however, the combined effect of BC and RL in phytoremediation has not been studied until now. In this paper, the phytoremediation of petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated soil using novel plant Spartina anglica was enhanced by the combination of biochar(BC) and rhamnolipid(RL). Samples of petroleum-contaminated soil(10, 30 and 50 g/kg) were amended by BC, BC+ RL and rhamnolipid modified biochar(RMB), respectively. After 60 day's cultivation, the removal rate of total petroleum hydrocarbons(TPHs) for unplanted soil(UP), planted soil(P), planted soil with BC addition(P-BC), planted soil with BC and RL addition(P-BC + RL) and planted soil with addition of RMB(P-RMB) were 8.6%, 19.1%, 27.7%,32.4% and 35.1% in soil with TPHs concentration of 30 g/kg, respectively. Compared with UP,the plantation of Spartina anglica significantly decreased the concentration of C_(8–14) and tricyclic PAHs. Furthermore, the application of BC and RMB alleviated the toxicity of petroleum hydrocarbons to Spartina anglica via improving plant growth with increasing plant height, root vitality and total chlorophyll content. High-throughput sequencing result indicated that rhizosphere microbial community of Spartina anglica was regulated by the application of BC and RMB, with increase of bacteria and plant mycorrhizal symbiotic fungus in biochar and RMB amended soil.     

区域大气重污染过程识别指标及算法研究

重点区域秋冬季大气重污染应对是大气污染防治工作的重中之重,但针对区域大气重污染过程尚无明确、统一的判定依据,给空气质量管理造成不便.以京津冀大气污染传输通道"2+26"城市为研究对象,依据秋冬季大气重污染过程的区域性特征,以及"发生—发展—消散"的演变规律,将区域内3个及以上相邻城市至少 1d空气质量达到重污染水平判定...     

钢铁行业氮氧化物控制技术及对策

根据2007年第一次全国污染源普查数据,钢铁行业氮氧化物排放量已达81.74万t,约占全国总排放量的4.55％,是继火力发电、机动车、水泥工业后第四大氮氧化物排放源.针对中国重要氮氧化物来源——钢铁工业的氮氧化物生成机制,排放节点及特征,国内外控制技术现状开展综述研究.研究表明,钢铁工业中的氮氧化物的产生以高温型为主.烧结、焦化、炼铁、炼钢、轧钢等过程为主要的氮氧化物排放源.收集并整理了国外在钢铁各工序上的主要氮氧化物控制技术及其在国内的应用状况.在回顾中国钢铁大气污染物控制历程的基础上,提出了中国钢铁行业氮氧化物控制的对策建议.     

Characteristics of atmospheric non-methane hydrocarbons during haze episode in Beijing, China

This study firstly focused on non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) during three successive days with haze episode (16–18 August 2006) in Beijing. Concentrations of alkanes, alkenes, aromatic hydrocarbons, and ethyne all peaked at traffic rush hour, implying vehicular emission; and alkanes also peaked at non-traffic rush hour in the daytime, implying additional source. Especially, alkanes and aromatics clearly showed higher levels in the nighttime than that in the daytime, implying their active photochemical reactions in the daytime. Correlation coefficients (R ²) showed that propane, n-butane, i-butane, ethene, propene, and benzene correlated with ethyne (R ²?=?0.61–0.66), suggesting that their main source is vehicular emission; 2-methylpentane and n-hexane correlated with i-pentane (R ²?=?0.61–0.64), suggesting that gasoline evaporation is their main source; and ethylbezene, m-/p-xylene, and o-xylene correlated with toluene (R ²?=?0.60–0.79), suggesting that their main source is similar to that of toluene (e.g., solvent usage). The R ² of ethyne, i-pentane, and toluene with total NMHCs were 0.58, 0.76, and 0.60, respectively, indicating that ambient hydrocarbons are associated with vehicular emission, gasoline evaporation, and solvent usage. The sources of other hydrocarbons (e.g., ethane) might be natural gas leakage, biogenic emission, or long-range transport of air pollutants. Measured higher mean B/T ratio (0.78?±?0.27) was caused by the more intensive photochemical activity of toluene than benzene, still indicating the dominant emission from vehicles.