固定化微生物脱氮技术

在废水生物脱氮中 ,利用载体固定、形成颗粒污泥等固定化微生物技术可在增加生物脱氮速度、节省碳源、减少后曝气等方面提供有效的方法 ,并实现单级生物脱氮     

中国环境战略与政策发展进程、特点及展望

本文系统回顾了中国环境战略与政策的发展进程,总结了中国环境战略与政策的特点及变化特征,并进一步提出新时期中国环境保护战略与政策的推进方向。中国环境战略与政策与经济社会发展同步,主要分为探索起步阶段(1972—1983年)、初创建立阶段(1984—1991年)、框架完善阶段(1992—2002年)、提升发展阶段(2003—2012年)、改革突破阶段(2013年至今)五个阶段,而随着中国环境战略与政策的发展,环境战略理念与环境政策导向都发生了转变。文章指出,未来中国环境保护战略与政策要应对新情况、解决新问题,需着眼于满足人民群众美好生活的需求,重视推动制度重构和绿色转型,推动走上生态优先、绿色发展的新路,强化制度政策的内生动力,加强政策统筹协同。     

Particulate matter pollution in Kunshan High-Tech zone: Source apportionment with trace elements, plume evolution and its monitoring

Particulate matter(PM) in the Kunshan High-Tech zone is studied during a three-month campaign. PM and trace elements are measured by the online pollution monitoring, forecastwarning and source term retrieval system AS3. Hourly measured concentrations of PM_(10), PM_(2.5) and 16 trace elements in the PM_(2.5) section(Ca, Pb, Cu, Cl, V, Cr, Fe, Ti, Mn, Ni, Zn, Ga, As, Se, Sr, Ba)are focused. Source apportionment of trace elements by Positive Matrix Factorization modeling indicates that there are five major sources, including dust, industrial processing, traffic,combustion, and sea salt with contribution rate of 23.68%, 21.66%, 14.30%, 22.03%, and 6.89%,respectively. Prediction of plume dispersion from concrete plant and traffic emissions shows that PM_(10) pollution of concrete plant is three orders of magnitude more than that of the traffic. The influence range can extend to more than 3 km in 1 hr. Because the footprint of the industrial plumes is constantly moving according to the local meteorological conditions, the fixed monitoring sites scattered in a few hundred meters haven't captured the heaviest pollution plume at the local scale of a few km~2. As a more intensive monitoring network is not operationally possible, the use of online modeling gives accurate and quantitative information of plume location, which increases the spatial pollution monitoring capacity and improves the understanding of measurement data. These results indicate that the development of the AS3 system, which combines monitoring equipment and air pollution modeling systems, is beneficial to the real-time pollution monitoring in the industrial zone.     

浑河流域沈抚段氮素污染综合溯源研究

通过对浑河流域沈抚段水体样品和主要污染源样品采集及检测,结合氮氧双稳定同位素及SIAR模型,统计分析研究区域氮素污染现状及氮素污染来源,绘制典型污染源的δ15N、δ18O特征分布图并估算其贡献率,准确追踪和定量外来性氮,从而更好地控制进入浑河流域的氮负荷.结果表明,浑河流域沈抚段受排污口、支流输入、工业废水的影响较大,氮素污染严重.研究区域δ15N值在-5.23‰~33.8‰范围内波动,δ18O值变化范围较大,为-4.12‰~61.54‰.工业废水对氮素贡献率为20.6%~96.3%,贡献率最高,其次是生活污水与粪便、化学肥料、土壤,贡献率分布范围分别为0.3%~29.4%、1.2%~33.5%、1.7%~30.1%,大气沉降对氮素贡献率最低,为0~7.2%.考虑大气污染及污废水排放规律能更准确的确定氮素的污染来源.     

郑州市环境空气污染变化规律研究

文章对河南省郑州市大气中的四种污染物臭氧、二氧化氮、一氧化碳和PM2.5的时间变化规律进行了分析,并初步探讨了日变化、年变化规律及其影响因素.臭氧呈现出单峰型变化规律,NO2、CO及PM2.5近似为双峰双谷型.年变化规律表现为单峰型,臭氧浓度在夏季达到最大值,冬季达到最低值,而其余三种污染物在冬季浓度达到最高值,在夏季浓度达到最低值.     

Efficient removal of naphthalene-2-ol from aqueous solutions by solvent extraction

Naphthalene-2-ol is a typical biologically recalcitrant pollutant in dye wastewater.Solvent extraction of naphthalene-2-ol from aqueous solutions using mixed solvents was investigated.Various extractants and diluents were evaluated,and the effects of volume ratio of extractant to diluent,initial p H,initial concentration of naphthalene-2-ol in aqueous solution,extraction time,temperature,volume ratio of organic phase to aqueous phase(O/A),stirring rate and extraction stages,on extraction efficiency were examined separately.Regeneration and reuse of the spent extractant were also investigated.Results showed that tributyl phosphate(TBP) achieved 98% extraction efficiency for naphthalene-2-ol in a single stage extraction,the highest among the 12 extractants evaluated.Extraction efficiency was optimized when cyclohexane and n-octane were used as diluents.The solvent combination of 20% TBP,20% n-octanol and 60% cyclohexane(V/V) obtained the maximum extraction efficiency for naphthalene-2-ol,99.3%,within 20 min using three cross-current extraction stages under the following extraction conditions:O/A ratio of 1:1,initial p H of 3,25°C and stirring rate of 150 r/min.Recovery of mixed solvents was achieved by using 15%(W/W) Na OH solution at an O:A ratio of 1:1 and a contact time of 15 min.The mixed solvents achieved an extraction capacity for naphthalene-2-ol stably higher than90% during five cycles after regeneration.     

内蒙古自治区能源概况及各种能源产消情况分析

通过对内蒙古自治区能源概况进行调查,分析内蒙古近几年各种能源的产消情况,这对于内蒙古如何优化能源结构的调整、促进内蒙古的可持续发展有着十分重要的意义。     

燃煤电厂烟气高效除尘技术的选择及应用

当前燃煤电厂主要除尘技术都具有各自的特点和局限性,通过研究国内外研究进展,指出联合除尘机制已成为高效除尘技术的发展方向。针对中国燃煤电厂普遍采用电除尘技术的现实条件,结合现行改造案例,对国内两种主要除尘升级技术——袋式除尘和电袋复合式除尘技术进行可行性分析。电袋复合式除尘器凭借其性能、结构和经济优势,成为现行燃煤电厂理想的高效除尘设备。     

化学合成硫化亚铁(FeS)对三价锑的吸附作用研究

厌氧环境中硫化亚铁(FeS)在重金属元素的地球化学循环中扮演极其重要的角色。然而,厌氧条件下FeS与锑(Sb)之间的相互作用尚未有较为清晰的认识。为了探究厌氧条件下FeS对三价锑(Sb(Ⅲ))的吸附动力学、吸附等温线以及吸附的影响因素,本研究以沉淀法制备的FeS为研究对象,测试了其溶解性以及表面形貌。并通过条件实验,考察不同pH、初始FeS、反应时间等因素对FeS吸附Sb(Ⅲ)的影响。结果表明:吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型的描述;中性条件下Langmuir吸附模型对吸附过程具有较高的拟合度,饱和吸附量为380. 3 mg/g; Sb(Ⅲ)在酸性条件下的吸附可能与硫化矿物Sb2S3的析出密切相关,这可能是与FeS溶解产生H_2S反应的结果;而在中性及碱性条件下,FeS与Sb(Ⅲ)的反应主要与表面吸附反应有关。     

基于激光雷达和超级站监测的一次沙尘过程分析

利用南京市气溶胶激光雷达网和草场门超级站监测数据,对2022年3月2—3日南京地区一次沙尘污染过程的垂直特征和地面PM_2.5组分变化进行了分析。结果表明,草场门、八卦洲和土桥3处点位的气溶胶激光雷达均观测到消光系数和退偏振比在凌晨至清晨时段有垂直分层现象,说明高空输入的沙尘气团位于城市污染气团上空,而此时地面PM_2.5组分以二次无机盐(硝酸盐、硫酸盐和铵盐)为主。中午前后,各高度的退偏振比及消光系数发生突变,主要是由高空输入沙尘和城市污染气团的垂直混合引起的。随着日间大气垂直交换的加大,PM_2.5中地壳物质的浓度均值和占比显著上升,其中浓度从3 μg/m³升高至5 μg/m³,占比从3%上升至10%。