生态社区建设的战略环境评价初探

生态社区建设,既是生态城市建设中的重要一环,也是人类社会可持续发展主题中的重要方面.对生态社区建设规划进行战略环境评价是保证生态社区建设的有效手段.讨论生态社区建设进行战略环境评价的必要性及其理论基础,并且建立了战略环境评价指标体系.这对生态社区建设,落实可持续发展战略具有十分重要的意义.     

Comparison of the adsorption of lead,cadmium, copper,zinc and barium to freshwater surface coatings

Measurements were made regarding the adsorption of lead, cadmium, copper, zinc and barium to freshwater surface coatings (biofilms and associated minerals), which were collected in Nanhu Lake in Jilin Province, PR China, in order to investigate the variability of adsorption capacities of these heavy metals mentioned in the above surface coatings. The adsorption of lead and other heavy metals to the biofilms was observed to decrease in the following order: copper, lead, zinc, cadmium, and barium. Generally, the values of Gamma(max) (the maximum adsorption, micromol/m(2)) increased with the standard electrode potential of metal elements used and were recorded as 166.7, 40.0, 29.4, 10.8, and 1.8 for copper, lead, zinc, cadmium and barium, respectively. The values of 1/Gamma(max) increased linearly with the decrease in values of the standard electrode potential of metal elements with a significant correlation (n=5, p=0.01) and increased linearly with the increase in values of covalent radius of metal elements with a significant correlation (n=5, p=0.05). This indicates that standard electrode potential and covalent radius were two of the principal characteristics of metals employed, causing the variation of lead and other heavy metal adsorption to the surface coatings.     

剩余污泥与餐厨垃圾协同厌氧发酵实现电能需求导向的沼气供应情景分析与仿真研究

探讨了将德国电能需求导向沼气供应模式应用于中国污水厂的剩余污泥和餐厨垃圾协同厌氧发酵系统,以实现根据污水厂电能需求即时调控沼气输出,从而提高沼气利用效率的目的.首先综述了电能需求导向的沼气供应模式在国内外的研究进展,在此基础上提出了一种新型的电能需求导向沼气供应模式实现情景,并利用系统动力学模型模拟了沼气生产及发电系统在此情景下的运行,通过系统的净现值作为观测指标与传统的实现情景进行对比以验证其经济性优势.最后,选取我国某污水厂为典型案例验证了本研究所提出模型,并总结了本研究的不足,为进一步研究奠定了基础.     

锡林河流域Cyanobacteria群落空间分化及其与环境因子的关系

为阐明蓝细菌（Cyanobacteria）群落的空间分化及其与环境因子的关系,本研究采集了锡林河流域河床中心湍流区、河床边缘缓流区、牛轭湖滞流区、低河漫滩、高河漫滩、阶地羊草及大针茅草原样带等28个沉积物/土壤样品进行细菌16S rRNA基因高通量测序及生物信息学分析.结果显示,Cyanobacteria群落存在明显的空间分化特征并能对环境因子做出敏感响应.Leptolyngbya和Phormidium等关联的5个种群主要分布在高氨中盐相对中富营养的缓滞流区,其丰度与氨态氮、总有机碳等存在正相关关系,推测与水华形成有关;Caenarcaniphilales关联的种群分布在低氨低盐相对寡营养的湍流区,其丰度仅与砂粒存在正相关关系,推测与固氮作用有关;ML635J-21关联的种群分布在中氨高盐相对全营养的高河漫滩及阶地土壤中,其丰度与粉黏粒及盐度等存在正相关关系,可能与生物土壤结皮形成过程有关.变异权重分析显示,氨态氮、盐度、总有机碳分别解释了Cyanobacteria群落空间分化的51.1%、23.9%、15.1%,说明这些环境因子的变化与Cyanobacteria群落的空间分化密切相关.研究结果可为锡林河流域草原牧区生态安全评价和生物多样性可持续管理提供科学依据.     

洱海不同途径氮来源季节性特征及对水体氮贡献

通过研究2013年入湖河流颗粒物、干湿沉降和表层沉积物氮同位素及变化,试图揭示洱海不同途径入湖氮来源季节性变化特征,并引入Iso Source模型,初步定量估算不同来源氮对洱海水体氮的贡献.结果表明:(1)洱海主要入湖河流δ15N季节性变化范围为1.5‰~9.1‰.其中,春季氮的主要来源为内源性有机质;夏季和秋季来源主要为土壤流失;冬季的主要来源为生活污水.(2)干、湿沉降δ15N季节性变化范围分别为+6.86‰~+8.49‰和-10.03‰~-8.15‰,其中湿沉降主要集中在夏秋季节,氮主要来源为机动车尾气和农业土壤释放,而干沉降主要集中在冬春季节,氮主要来源为煤炭燃烧和土壤氮释放.(3)洱海表层沉积物δ15N的变化范围为3.89‰~6.38‰,北部湖区沉积物氮主要来源为农业化肥,中部湖区主要来源为内源性有机质,南部湖区主要来源为土壤氮.(4)洱海各入湖氮来源中,废水对水体氮贡献率最大,占比为29%~44%,其次为内源性有机质,占比为24%~31%.此外,土壤氮和化肥也具有一定贡献,占比分别为14%~19%和8%~10%,而其他氮来源的贡献率较低,合计占比小于12%.沿湖区域生活污水排放及湖泊自生内源性有机质共占洱海入湖氮来源的42%~57%,应予以重点关注.     

基于ABMS的矿山监管Agent工作倦怠现象的仿真研究

基于Agent的仿真建模方法（Agent based modeling and simulation,ABMS）和资源保存理论(conservation of resource theory,COR),构建了多Agent仿真模型,通过确定监管Agent、决策支持Agent、职能配合Agent和矿工Agent及其属性,借助Netlogo仿真平台模拟决策支持力度、职能配合程度以及矿工行为选择对监管Agent工作倦怠的影响,可以输出情感耗竭、人格解体和个人成就3个维度下监管Agent的数量。研究表明:决策支持系数Sc对监管Agent工作倦怠现象影响最大、处理有效性系数Ec影响次之、职能配合系数Fc影响最小,多Agent仿真模型促进了矿山监管Agnet工作倦怠现象的量化分析研究,为矿山安全治理提供了有效的决策依据。     

Preparation,Characterization, and Rapid Adsorption of Hg<Superscript>2+</Superscript> on Nanoscale Aramid-based Adsorbent

A series of nanaoscale aramid-based adsorbents were prepared by the functionalization of poly (p-phenylene terephthalamide) (PPTA) with different content of ethylenediamine (EDA). Their structures were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and elemental analysis. Metal ions, including Hg²⁺, Pb²⁺, Ag⁺, Cu²⁺, Cd²⁺, and Ni²⁺ were chosen as the models to explore the binding behaviors of PPTA–ECH–EDA in aqueous medium. Results showed that PPTA–ECH–EDA exhibited higher adsorption capacity for Hg²⁺ due to their nanoscale structures. In particular, the adsorption rate was so high that equilibrium was achieved within 15 min for Hg²⁺. The adsorption of Hg²⁺ on PPTA–ECH–EDA followed the pseudo second-order model well. Langmuir and Freundlich models were employed to fit the isothermal adsorption, and the results revealed that Freundlich isotherm was a better model to predict the experimental data. The adsorption mechanism was revealed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It is preconceived that PPTA–ECH–EDA could be used as an effective adsorbent for fast removal of heavy ions from wastewater.     

某矿区农田土壤重金属潜在生态风险评价及形态分析研究

对广西某矿区农田土壤中的Cd、Pb、Zn、Hg进行潜在生态风险评价及存在形态分析.结果表明,研究区域Cd为极强危害程度,Pb和Hg为很强危害程度,Zn为中等危害程度,所有采样点位均处于很强危害程度,其中主要的贡献来自于Cd.形态分析结果表明,Cd以可交换态为主,Pb以碳酸盐态和铁锰氧化态为主,Zn以残渣态、有机结合态和铁锰氧化态为主,Hg以残渣态和有机结合态为主.次生相与原生相分布比值法与潜在生态风险评价法评价结果存在差异,两种方法的评价结果均应加以考虑.     

层次分析法在商场火灾风险评价中的应用研究

根据商场火灾的特点,并基于消防安全和系统安全的思想,从建筑、消防设施、商品、消防管理和外部环境5个方面建立了火灾风险评价指标体系;在此基础上通过层次分析法,计算得出各指标因子的权重值.并根据有关标准和规范,对各评价指标因子的风险分值进行划分.最后采用线性加权模型,计算商场的风险分值,得出火灾风险评价结果.     

湿法脱硫中真空皮带机脱水效果影响因素

针对多数电厂脱硫石膏含水率偏高的情况,对真空皮带脱水机效果的影响因素进行阐述,主要包括真空皮带脱水机中石膏浆液物料的特性影响、脱硫反应条件的影响和真空皮带脱水机影响因素及处理方法,并根据安徽淮南平圩发电有限责任公司脱硫工程一、二期运行情况提出部分建议。