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371.
云南稻核心种质苗期与孕穗期耐冷性特点及关系分析 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
以544份云南地方稻核心种质为材料,在昆明自然低温(苗期平均5.5~12.3℃,孕穗期平均17.8℃)冷害下,按籼粳、稻作区进行云南稻核心种质苗期耐冷性与孕穗期耐冷性的特点及关系研究.结果表明:(1)苗期耐冷性与孕穗期耐冷性密切相关,苗期耐冷性强的材料表现为孕穗期株高、剑叶长和宽、穗颈长、穗下节长、1~2节长、穗长较长、穗粒数较多,耐冷性较强.通过对苗期耐冷性的严格选择,可以间接获得孕穗期耐冷性较强的材料.(2)苗期和孕穗期耐冷性在籼粳间、稻作区间差异明显.籼粳间均表现为粳稻强于籼稻;稻作区间苗期耐冷性为滇中一季籼粳稻区和滇南单双季籼稻区最强,滇中一季籼粳稻区和滇西北高寒粳稻区孕穗期耐冷性较强,揭示了水稻苗期与穗期耐冷性的形成演化机制存在一致性和差异性. 相似文献
372.
土壤过滤净化氮氧化物实验研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
实验考察了土壤类型、进口浓度、温度和过滤气速对净化氮氧化物废气效果的影响。结果表明 ,土壤过滤能够有效削减NOx 污染 ,对NO2 的净化效率可达 90 %以上 :肥沃土壤的净化效率明显高于贫瘠土壤 ,适宜作为过滤介质 ;在实验浓度范围内 ,净化效率基本随着进口浓度的提高而提高。当进口浓度高于 2mg m3时 ,净化效率基本稳定在95 %左右 ;温度的升高对提高去除率是有利的 ,而且对延长土壤滤池有效使用时间有很大帮助 ;在实验范围内气速的提高对NO2 去除率影响不明显。 相似文献
373.
374.
酯类化合物对四膜虫毒性的拓扑研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
提出了拓扑方法,即考虑分子图顶点的性质,直接用酯类化合物的分子碎片的特征值为主元来构建邻接矩阵。定义并计算了酯类化合物的修正的氢连接性指数^mHA及其倒指数^mHB,分析了30个酯化合物对四膜虫的毒性与分子结构之间的关系,结果表明由酯化合物对四膜虫毒性与^mH的回归方程得出的估算值与实验测定值之间能较好地吻合,平均误差为0.22。 相似文献
375.
投入产出分析在固体废物管理中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过构建固体废物投入产出表,分析包括资源提供、产品生产、废弃物循环利用及废物处置部门在内的国民经济各部门之间的经济技术关系。并对理想条件及其他条件下固体废物资源化对于资源节约、废物减量及经济发展的影响进行了定量分析。 相似文献
376.
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378.
Nitrous oxide emissions from black soils with different pH 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
N2O fluxes as a function of incubation time from soil with different available N contents and pH were determined. Cumulative carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions were measured to indicate soil respiration. A 144-hr incubation experiment was conducted in a slightly acidic agricultural soil (pHH2O 5.33) after the pH was adjusted to four different values (3.65, 5.00, 6.90 and 8.55). The experiments consisted of a control without added N, and with NH4+-N and NO3--N fertilization. The results showed that soil pH contributed significantly to N2O flux from the soils. There were higher N2O emissions in the period 0-12 hr in the four pH treatments, especially those enhanced with N-fertilization. The cumulative N2O-N emission reached a maximum at pH 8.55 and was stimulated by NO3--N fertilization (70.4 μg/kg). The minimum emissions appeared at pH 3.65 and were not stimulated by NO3--N or NH4+-N fertilization. Soil respiration increased significantly due to N-fertilization. Soil respiration increased positively with soil pH (R2 = 0.98, P < 0.01). The lowest CO2-C emission (30.2 mg/kg) was presented in pH 3.65 soils without N-fertilization. The highest CO2-C emissions appeared in the pH 8.55 soils for NH4+-N fertilization (199 mg/kg). These findings suggested that N2O emissions and soil respiration were significantly influenced by low pH, which strongly inhibits soil microbial nitrification and denitrification activities. The content of NO3--N in soil significantly and positively affected the N2O emissions through denitrification. 相似文献
379.
Xiaoting Qiao Gang Li Jing Zhang Jing Du Yunjia Yang Jie Yin Hui Li Jie Xie You Jiang Xiang Fang Xinhua Dai Bing Shao 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(8):122-129
Alternaria mycotoxins are of concern due to its adverse health effect, they affect various cereal crops and grain-based food along with modified forms that contribute to overall exposure. This study aimed to determine the frequency and level of exposure to Alternaria mycotoxins (tenuazonic acid, TeA; alternariol, AOH; alternariol monomethyl ether, AME; tentoxin, TEN; and altenuene, ALT) in human urine from Beijing adults. A total of 2212 urine samples were collected and analyzed for five mycotoxins using LC–ESI–MS/MS. More than 98% of the samples had at least one Alternaria mycotoxin detected. Among the mycotoxins, AME had the highest detection rate (96.0%), followed by TeA (70.5%). The calculated average daily intake values of AME (12.5 ng/kg b.w.) was 5 times the TTC value (2.5 ng/kg b.w.) set by the EFSA, indicating the potential health risks associated with mycotoxins. Immediate attention and subsequent actions should be taken to identify the sources of mycotoxins and the corresponding exposure pathways to humans in the investigated regions. 相似文献
380.
Weigang Wang Yan Chen Lei Li Li Zhou Xubing Du Mingyuan Liu Maofa Ge 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2022,34(4):434-443
New particle formation (NPF) is the primary source of nanoparticles and contributes a large number of concentrations of cloud condensation nuclei. In recent years, field campaigns and laboratory experiments have been conducted to promote cognition of the mechanism for NPF and its following growth processes. The chemical composition measurement of nanoparticles could help deepen understanding of the initial step of particulate matter formation. In this work, we developed a nanoparticle chemical ionization mass spectrometer to measure nanoparticles' chemical compositions during their initial growth stage. Meanwhile, a non-radioactive ion source was designed for aerosol charging and chemical ionization. Time of flight mass spectrometer coupled with integrated aerosol size selection and collection module would guarantee the picogram level detection limit and high-resolution ability to measure the matrix of ambient samples. The performance of this equipment was overall evaluated, including the transmission efficiency and collection efficiency of custom-built nano differential mobility analyzer, chemical ionization efficiency, and mass resolution of the mass spectrometer. The high sensitivity measurement of ammonium sulfate and methylammonium sulfate aerosols with diameters ranging from 10 to 25 nm could guarantee the application of this instrument in the ambient measurement. 相似文献