钢筋混凝土偏心受压短柱尺寸效应研究

现行钢筋混凝土结构设计方法是基于小尺寸构件的试验研究建立起来的,大尺寸构件的设计的科学性和合理性有待进一步研究.本文制作2组4根钢筋混凝土偏心受压短柱,偏心距为0.6h0,试件的截面几何尺寸分别为200 mm×200 mm、400 mm × 400 mm.研究相同偏心距下,不同尺寸的钢筋混凝土偏心受压短柱的破坏特征,极...     

基于能量的建筑结构抗震设计方法介绍

基于能量概念的抗震设计方法能较好地反映地震动三要素,特别是持续时间对结构引起的累积损伤破坏的综合影响,因此日益受到地震工程研究的重视.本文对地震作用下结构的总输入能量、结构总耗能的分配与分布、结构的耗能能力和具体设计方法等方面的研究现状进行了综合分析和介绍,为能量抗震方法的应用和推广提供参考.     

Adsorptive removal of hydrophobic organic compounds by carbonaceous adsorbents: A comparative study of waste-polymer-based, coal-based activated carbon, and carbon nanotubes

Adsorption of the hydrophobic organic compounds (HOCs) trichloroethylene (TCE), 1,3-dichlorobenzene (DCB), 1,3-dinitrobenzene (DNB) and γ-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) on five different carbonaceous materials was compared. The adsorbents included three polymer-based activated carbons, one coal-based activated carbon (F400) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNT). The polymerbased activated carbons were prepared using KOH activation from waste polymers: polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethyleneterephthalate (PET) and tire rubber (TR). Compared with F400 and MWNT, activated carbons derived from PVC and PET exhibited fast adsorption kinetics and high adsorption capacity toward the HOCs, attributed to their extremely large hydrophobic surface area (2700 m²/g) and highly mesoporous structures. Adsorption of small-sized TCE was stronger on the tire-rubber-based carbon and F400 resulting from the pore-filling effect. In contrast, due to the molecular sieving effect, their adsorption on HCH was lower. MWNT exhibited the lowest adsorption capacity toward HOCs because of its low surface area and characteristic of aggregating in aqueous solution.     

基于GIS广西酸雨区域分布及变化特征分析

利用广西13个酸雨监测站2005—2009年监测资料,结合GIS空间分析功能,探索了广西酸雨的空间分布特征和变化规律,旨在为当地酸雨研究、预防预测和综合治理提供客观科学的理论依据。结果表明:广西酸雨主要分布在中北部地区,酸雨带呈西北-东南走向。酸雨强度最大的城市为河池、来宾和贺州,其降水平均pH值<4.8,酸雨出现频率最高的城市为河池,其发生频率>70%;酸雨强度最弱,出现频率最低的城市为北海和钦州,其降水平均pH值>6.0,发生频率<2%。     

水蕴草对不同程度富营养化水体中氮磷去除能力的研究

通过静态模拟试验,研究了沉水植物水蕴草[Elodeadensa（Planch.）Casp.]对5种不同程度富营养化水体中氮、磷的去除能力。实验结果表明,水蕴草在5种不同程度富营养化水体中均能正常生长,且对水体中的氮、磷均表现出良好的净化效果。5种不同程度富营养化水体的TN、NO₃-N、NH₄-N、TP浓度分别由初始的3～36、2.25～27、1.2～9、1.2～14.4 mg/L降至0.29～6.82、0.3～5.8、0～1.035、0.022～5.51 mg/L。在模拟的不同营养浓度条件下,水蕴草对5种水体中TN、NO₃-N、NH₄-N、TP的累积去除率分别为:17%～28%、62%～88%、30%～70%、60%～100%。研究同时发现,水蕴草可以较好地净化不同程度的富营养化水体,并能保持清洁水体水质。     

Externalities,Floating Population and Spatial Agglomeration

Abstract

With the further development of socialist market economy, the mobility of factor markets in China, especially the labor market, is strengthened. Externalities interacts with the agglomeration of productive factors. Under the framework of new economic geography, this article presents a theoretical model involving the endogenous population density affected by urban externalities. Results show that the population density is more concentrated around the center because the degree and extent of interaction between individuals intensifies when the distance from the center decreases. When there are several externalities resources, the aggregation of externalities changes the configuration of spatial factor allocation. These results fit well with the empirical facts about the decreasing density of floating population along the cities of Guangzhou, Dongguan and Shenzhen in Guangdong Province which is situated in the eastern coast of the Pearl River Delta. We find that under the impacts of externalities released from Hong Kong into the coast, floating population was more concentrated around Shenzhen and Dongguan, which are more adjacent to Hong Kong compared with Guangzhou City.     

Evaluation and Trend Analysis of Surface Water Quality in Zhengzhou in 1998–2008

Abstract

Water pollution is one of the major environmental problems, especially in urban areas. Due to rapid urban expansion and industrialization, water pollution in Zhengzhou City, the capital of Henan Province in central China has become a serious problem for its development. In this study, the surface water quality was evaluated using Nemerow Comprehensive Pollution Index (NCPI), and the change trend was calculated using methods of Mann-Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator, based on the monitoring data from 1998 to 2008. The results show that the NCPI ranged from 3 to 50 in 70% of the monitoring cases, implying that most rivers were seriously polluted. However, this serious polltuon is expected to be gradually improved, as the concentration of water pollutants and NCPI declined significantly in most rivers. Water pollution in reservoirs was much lower than rivers, and the NCPI in the three monitored reservoirs was lower than 3 in most years, and shows a downward trend. Although the surface water quality was gradually improved, great efforts are still needed to enhance the protection and improvement of surface water environment.     

Revisiting the carbon emissions hypothesis in the developing and developed countries: a new panel cointegration approach

Environmental and Ecological Statistics - Since global warming worsens with economic development and emitted&nbsp;CO2 is one of the&nbsp;main greenhouse gases, it is important to understand...     

Regulating non-precious transition metal nitrides bifunctional electrocatalysts through surface/interface nanoengineering for air-cathodes of Zn-air batteries

Zn-air batteries (ZABs), especially the secondary batteries, have engrossed a great interest because of its high specific energy, economical and high safety. However, due to the insufficient activity and stability of bifunctional electrocatalysts for air-cathode oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) processes, the practical application of rechargeable ZABs is seriously hindered. In the effort of developing high active, stable and cost-effective electrocatalysts, transition metal nitrides (TMNs) have been regarded as the candidates due to their high conductivity, strong corrosion-resistance, and bifunctional catalytic performance. In this paper, the research progress in TMNs-based material as ORR and OER electrocatalysts for ZABs is discussed with respect to their synthesis, chemical/physical characterization, and performance validation/optimization. The surface/interface nanoengineering strategies such as defect engineering, support binding, heteroatom introduction, crystal plane orientation, interface construction and small size effect, the physical and chemical properties of TMNs-based electrocatalysts are emphasized with respect to their structures/morphologies, composition, electrical conductivity, specific surface area, chemical stability and corrosion resistance. The challenges of TMNs-based materials as bifunctional air-cathode electrocatalysts in practical application are evaluated, and numerous research guidelines to solve these problems are put forward for facilitating further research and development.     

Formation of secondary inorganic aerosol in a frigid urban atmosphere

•Harbin showed relatively high threshold RH (80%) for apparent increase of SOR. •The observed SOR were at the lower end of the ratios from Beijing’s winter. •Temperature-dependent increase of NOR was sharper than that of SOR. • NOR increased with stronger biomass burning impact but SOR was largely unchanged. Formation of secondary inorganic aerosol (SIA) was investigated during a six-month long heating season in Harbin, China. Enhanced sulfate formation was observed at high relative humidity (RH), with the same threshold RH (80%) for both colder and warmer measurement periods. Compared to wintertime results from Beijing, the threshold RH was considerably higher in Harbin, whereas the RH-dependent enhancement of sulfur oxidation ratio (SOR) was less significant. In addition, the high RH events were rarely encountered, and for other periods, the SOR were typically as low as ~0.1. Therefore, the sulfate formation was considered inefficient in this study. After excluding the several cases with high RH, both SOR and the nitrogen oxidation ratio (NOR) exhibited increasing trends as the temperature increased, with the increase of NOR being sharper. The nitrate to sulfate ratio tended to increase with increasing temperature as well. Based on a semi-quantitative approach, this trend was attributed primarily to the temperature-dependent variations of precursors including SO₂ and NO₂. The influence of biomass burning emissions on SIA formation was also evident. With stronger impact of biomass burning, an enhancement in NOR was observed whereas SOR was largely unchanged. The different patterns were identified as the dominant driver of the larger nitrate to sulfate ratios measured at higher concentrations of fine particulate matter.