工业复合源大气污染长期扩散浓度模拟计算

在工业复合源大气扩散模式研究的基础上,改造传统大气污染物长期扩散模型,引入了平滑函数,使相邻扇区的交界处具有连续性,提出了计算精度。对于复合源采用坐标变换的方法,解决不同种类,多源污染物季平均浓度值叠加的难题。     

气候变化对长江源地区高寒草甸生态系统的影响

近十几年来,长江源区气候暖干化趋势明显,冰川退缩、湖泊萎缩、草场退化、土地沙漠化、水土流失等环境问题日益严重。高寒草甸是长江源地区主要的植被类型之一,在全球变化影响下,以耐低温寒冷的嵩草属（Kobresia）植物为建群种的高寒草甸将面临更严重的生态胁迫。以长江源地区高寒草甸生态系统为研究对象,采用国际通用的生物地球化学模型模拟高寒草甸生物量、生产力和土壤有机质等的动态变化,并综合考虑人类活动对生态系统生产力和营养元素生物地球化学循环的影响,探讨了全球气候变化对高寒草甸生态系统可能造成的影响。     

中国海岸带灾害地质查询及风险评价系统的设计与实现

介绍了"中国海岸带灾害地质查询及风险评价系统"开发研制的GIS平台,VB为二次开发工具,利用OLE技术集成开发.系统实现了对中国海岸带灾害地质的可视化查询、空间分析和综合评价,并为实施海岸带灾害地质综合管理和决策提供了科学依据.     

导电泡沫陶瓷过滤柴油机排气微粒的研究

柴油机排气微粒对环境危害严重,研究开发排气过滤技术是解决问题的有效措施之一.利用表面密集排列短纤维的导电泡沫陶瓷作为微粒过滤器的滤芯,对柴油机排气微粒的过滤效率可达90%,并可进行原位通电加热再生,再生后过滤效率不下降.同时,对表面纤维化导电泡沫陶瓷的过滤机理进行了初步探讨.     

石灰石中微量杂质对其脱硫活性的影响研究

石灰石的活性对湿法烟气脱硫工艺具有重要意义。采用间歇式硫酸消溶的方法,分别研究了石灰石中各微量杂质浓度对石灰石活性的影响,就其影响结果及其影响机理进行了理论分析,并用拟合曲线的方法预测各种杂质成分的影响程度。结果表明,二氧化硅和氧化铁的含量在一定范围内能提高石灰石的活性,超过此范围将使其活性降低,而氧化镁的存在能大幅提高石灰石的活性,氧化铝对石灰石活性影响不大。     

辽宁省大气可吸入颗粒物中重金属及多环芳烃污染特征研究

为全面了解辽宁省大气可吸入颗粒物污染状况,2004年在省内选取了5个城市进行分季节采样,并对颗粒物中重金属元素含量和美国优先控制的16种多环芳烃(PAHs)进行了定量研究。结果表明,大气PM10和PM2.5中重金属元素和PAHs污染较重,且冬季高于其它季节,重金属元素和PAHs主要富集在PM2.5及以下细小颗粒物中。     

神经网络用于卤代肉桂酸对羊角月牙藻毒性的预测研究

卤代肉桂酸因具有肉桂酸一样的抑菌、抗氧化和抗微生物活性作用,故被广泛应用于医药、化妆品和农药等生产行业.为了研究卤代肉桂酸对羊角月牙藻急性毒性与其分子结构之间的定量构效关系,基于分子拓扑理论,计算了14个卤代肉桂酸分子的4类分子结构参数,筛选了电性拓扑状态指数(E13)和电性距离矢量(M15)作为理论结构描述符,将其与...     

A toxicity-based method for evaluating safety of reclaimed water for environmental reuses

A large quantity of toxic chemical pollutants possibly remains in reclaimed water due to the limited removal efficiency in traditional reclamation processes. It is not enough to guarantee the safety of reclaimed water using conventional water quality criteria. An integrated assessment method based on toxicity test is necessary to vividly depict the safety of reclaimed water for reuse. A toxicity test battery consisting of lethality, genotoxicity and endocrine disrupting effect was designed to screen the multiple biological effects of residual toxic chemicals in reclaimed water. The toxicity results of reclaimed water were converted into the equivalent concentrations of the corresponding positive reference substances（EQC）. Simultaneously, the predicted no-effect concentration（PNEC） of each positive reference substance was obtained by analyzing the species sensitivity distribution（SSD） of toxicity data. An index ＂toxicity score＂ was proposed and valued as 1, 2, 3, or 4 depending on the ratio of the corresponding EQC to PNEC. For vividly ranking the safety of reclaimed water, an integrated assessment index ＂toxicity rank＂ was proposed, which was classified into A, B, C, or D rank with A being the safest. The proposed method was proved to be effective in evaluating reclaimed water samples in case studies.     

Release Characteristics of Nutrients from Polymer-coated Compound Controlled Release Fertilizers

Reliable information regarding release characteristics of nutrients from a polymer-coated controlled release fertilizer (CRF) is essential for beneficial agronomic and environmental results. Significant knowledge regarding nitrogen release from polymer-coated urea was gained while the information regarding the release of the different nutrients contained in polymer-coated compound N–P–K CRF remains limited. An experiment in which major factors affecting the differential release of nutrients from two coated compound CRF was performed in free water, water saturated sand and sand at field capacity. In general, nitrate release was the fastest, followed by ammonium and potassium whereas phosphate was significantly slower, with a rate of linear release in free water 45–70% slower than that of nitrate. Little differences were obtained for the lag periods of nitrate, ammonium and potassium release (2–10 days) under the experimental conditions, whereas for P they were one order of magnitude larger. The main factor slowing the release was assumed to be the lower solubility of ions with P being the least soluble. Release into free water was, expectedly, somewhat faster than that into saturated sand and significantly faster as compared to sand at field capacity and particularly so for P. Raising the temperature from 20 °C to 40 °C increased the rate of linear release of the different nutrients. The energy of activation, EA_rel, estimated for the linear release, of the different nutrients, was narrow ranging between 37 to 46 (KJ mol⁻¹) whereas the mean values obtained for the two CRF, differing by 50% in coating thickness, was non-significant. However, EA_rel was significantly different in different media. The complex effect of temperature on the lag period and nutrient interactions during release deserve further investigation.     

锅炉烟尘污染与治理

中原油田黄河以北广大地区燃煤锅炉分布广泛,污染物排放量相对较大。为减少大气污染,采取了以下治理措施:提高运行操作水平;选择适宜的燃烧设备;选择效果较好的除尘设施;选择适宜的煤质等。采用上述综合措施后,不仅降低了锅炉的排烟量也降低了锅炉的烟尘排放浓度,锅炉烟尘排放达标。