Effect of nitrification inhibitor on plant biomass and N2O emission rates in alpine meadows on the Tibetan Plateau

ABSTRACT

Treatment with nitrification inhibitors, such as dicyandiamide (DCD) and 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) have been strongly indicated to increase grassland biomass and mitigate soil N₂O emission rates. However, the responses of both alpine meadow aboveground biomass and N₂O emission rates to nitrification inhibitors remains unclear. We separately applied three doses of DCD and DMPP to alpine grassland soils with three duplicates. The biomass and N₂O emission rates were subsequently measured by a clear-cut method and in-situ static chamber gas chromatography during the growing season. Our findings indicated that aboveground biomass increased significantly, and N₂O emission rate decreased significantly at 6.8?kg?ha^?1 DCD and DMPP. Furthermore, the biomass increase effect was more significant than the N₂O emission rate mitigation effect (p?<?0.05). The highest ratios of DCD treatments on meadow production increase and N₂O emission rate decrease were 27.2% and 36.3%, respectively. Our findings provide insight into the enhanced grassland primary production and decreased N₂O flux by nitrification inhibitor treatment in alpine meadows, which may be beneficial to help mitigate global warming.     

β—D—甘露糖苷化学合成的研究进展

β－Ｄ－甘露糖糖苷键由于其化学合成的特殊性和在生命过程的重要性而日益受到人们的重视。本文系统地阐述了β－Ｄ－甘露糖苷化学合成的研究进展和要解决的主要问题。     

The Buffer Capacity of Calcareous Soils in Gansu Province of China

In this study, we added increments of acid and base to three calcareous soils from the eastern, middle and western parts of Gansu Province (China) and to three treated soils to remove calcium carbonate, organic matter and both carbonate and organic matter, respectively. the titration curves were measured and the magnitudes of buffer capacities as a function of pH were computed. It was found that the buffer capacity of calcareous soil is mainly attributed to calcium carbonate, as expected from the chemical composition of calcareous soil, while cation exchange system, silicate buffer system and organic matter play a minor role. the results clearly show that these soils of Gansu Province will not become a problem in the near future from the entrance of H⁺ into these soils.     

陕西省自然灾害损失年景和评价指标的研究

应用模糊数学系统聚类方法对陕西1949～1990年自然灾害造成的人口死亡、房屋倒塌和农田成灾面积进行了聚类分析,划分出相似成灾年份及相应损失指标,同时通过总损失价值计算进行了逐年损失等级划分,建立了各级等级标准和灾害年景序列。     

High-Efficiency Production of Bioplastics from Biodegradable Organic Solids

Microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) have been extensively studied as environmentally friendly biodegradable thermoplastics. The major obstacle to wide acceptance of PHAs is their high price, mainly attributed to the costs of raw materials and polymer recovery. A large amount of organic solids are discarded from food production and consumption and may be used as carbonaceous raw materials for production of PHAs. A novel technology was investigated at bench-top scale to produce PHAs from food scraps. The harvested cell mass had a high PHA content (72.6% of dry cell mass), the same as obtained from pure glucose and organic acids. The organic solid was first digested in an acidogenic reactor in which about 60% solid was converted to fermentative products, including short-chain fatty acids. The four major acids were acetic, propionic, butyric, and lactic acids at concentrations of 6, 2, 27, and 33 g/L, respectively. The acids were transported through a membrane barrier via molecular diffusion to an airlift bioreactor, where the acids were utilized by an enriched culture of Ralstonia eutropha for PHA synthesis. Purification of fermentative acids was not performed in this molecular diffusion–based integration of acidogenesis and polymerization. By using a dialysis membrane as the barrier, the dry cell mass concentration and PHA content reached 22.7 g/L and 72.6%, respectively. The PHA was a copolymer of poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) with 2.8 mole % of hydroxyvalerate.     

膜生物膜反应器研究进展

介绍了一种新型的水处理反应器———膜生物膜反应器 ,该反应器可获得 10 0 %氧利用率 ,可用于生物降解挥发性有机物 ,可同时高效去除有机碳和氨氮 ,是一种很有发展潜力的污水处理工艺     

高级氧化法脱除PVA浆料的清洁生产新工艺研究

为了研究高级氧化法脱除聚乙烯醇(PVA)浆料清洁生产新工艺的可行性,研究了3种高级氧化法UV/H2O2、UV/TiO2、Nafion-Fe2 /H2O2对含PVA溶液的氧化降解,其降解效果依次为:UV/H2O2＞Nafion-Fe2 /H2O2＞UV/TiO2.对于UV/H2O2法,PVA降解速率与H2O2的初始浓度成正相关,且H2O2浓度为2.95 mmol/L时14 min内就能使PVA的去除率达到98%;pH和温度对PVA的氧化降解效果影响不明显.在此基础上,对建立在高级氧化法基础上的退浆新工艺进行了探讨,结果表明,在65℃和75℃下,高级氧化法条件下的纯棉织物PVA退浆率分别达到70.16%和95.65%;该法不仅可以促进PVA从纯棉织物上的脱附,而且可以达到对PVA的较高降解效果,使得所排退浆废水的生化处理难度明显降低.     

乐安江鄱阳湖河口沉积物样品生态效应的初步评价

对乐安江鄱阳湖河口三个沉积物样品中主要污染元素含量的分析,表明存在重金属Cu和Zn污染。用模拟湖水对沉积物进行溶出实验,上清液金属含量符合国家地表水质量标准,成组生物检验(Battery Test)结果表明,三个沉积物样品对无脊椎动物和发光菌均无急性毒牲,但对光合藻类的生长有抑制作用。初步用毒性鉴定和评价方案进行的研究结果表明,抑制作用主要由阳离子类型污染物引起。