基于SWAT模型的大宁河流域污染物负荷分布特性分析

为了给流域污染物总量控制及分配工作提供理论依据,利用SWAT模型分析了大宁河巫溪水文站控制流域污染物负荷分布特性,结果表明：耕地是泥沙和总磷污染的主要来源,泥沙和总磷负荷分别占整个流域的95%和50%以上;后溪河流域是整个流域内污染负荷最高的支流流域,泥沙贡献率为46.02%,总磷负荷贡献率为60.15%;流域西南部的土壤侵蚀现象较为严重,尤其是子流域17和20;东溪河内子流域7是总磷负荷较高的地区,应重点进行控制。     

可渗透反应墙原位修复垃圾渗滤液污染地下水

实验模拟地下环境,以垃圾渗滤液污染地下水为研究对象,分别采用沸石、无烟煤、陶粒、活性炭、炉渣、粉煤灰和零价铁作为填充材料,设计了7种地下可渗透反应器(PRB)。分2个阶段对PRB技术治理污染地下水可行性和有效性进行实验模拟研究,还研究了填充材料配比对PRB修复效率影响,分阶段调整复合填充材料配比,观察反应器产生的不同处理效果。考察了7种反应器内pH、EC和DO的变化情况及对污染物去除效果影响,分析了污染物去除机理;找出了反应器存在的某些不足之处。实验结果显示,2个阶段反应器对COD去除率都较高,分别为82.36%～88.11%和89.45%～93.65%。     

四川省绵竹至茂县公路工程地质遥感调查与评价

以绵竹至茂县公路沿线为研究区,应用遥感技术调查走廊带内地质灾害发育分布状况,结合公路勘察需要,从工程地质角度出发,选择地质灾害类型、分布位置、规模、稳定性/易发性、运动方向5个方面作为地质灾害对线路影响的评价指标,并建立针对不同灾害类型的线路影响程度评价方法,评价结果为公路选线和后期详勘奠定了基础。     

Spatial distribution and ecotoxicological risk assessment of heavy metals in surface sediments of the southern Bohai Bay, China

The concentrations of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) and organic carbon in surface sediments, collected from the southern Bohai Bay, were determined to assess the potential contamination and determine the environmental risks associated with heavy metals. Results showed that heavy metal concentrations in the sediments generally met the China Marine Sediment Quality criteria. Both the ecotoxicological index and the potential ecological risk index suggest that the combined ecological risk of the six studied metals may be low, with the highest ecotoxicological potential zones located in the offshore area. The methods of enrichment factor and geoaccumulation index suggested that elevated concentrations of Cd, Cr, and Ni are presented in the region. Multivariate analysis also indicated that the lithogenic factor dominates the distribution of most part of the considered metals in the study area, whereas Cd and Cr are clearly influenced by anthropogenic inputs. The results of this study are likely to be a useful tool to authorities in charge of sustainable marine management.     

底物浓度影响微生物燃料电池性能和生物生长的模拟研究

建立了含有悬浮微生物、电极上生物量、可溶性化学底物和中介体的微生物燃料电池(MFC)数学模型。通过底物降解、生物增长和电流产生过程的模拟,考察了生物量和底物随时间的变化规律,底物质量浓度对生物量、底物降解和电流的影响。结果表明,当溶液中初始微生物量很少时,随着MFC反应的进行,生物主要富集在电极上,溶液中生物生长缓慢;MFC中的生物生长经历延滞期、对数期和平稳期,底物分解经历缓慢、快速和消耗殆尽3个阶段。底物质量浓度小于等于250 mg/L时,生物延滞期时间、底物缓慢分解阶段时间、生物生长到达平稳时间、底物消耗殆尽的时间和电流到达最大值所需的时间随着底物质量浓度的增加而缩短。底物质量浓度大于250 mg/L时,生物延滞期时间、底物缓慢分解阶段时间、生物生长到达平稳时间、底物消耗殆尽的时间和电流到达最大值所需的时间随着底物质量浓度的增加而增加。     

内蒙古电力输出生态补偿模式下排污权交易模型探讨

内蒙古作为我国北方重要的生态屏障,多年来大力保护草原生态,已经基本建立了良好的生态系统。然而,内蒙古同时承担着清洁能源输出基地的职能,锡盟煤电外送基地将在2020年建成。届时,集中的开发必然导致锡盟草原的生态问题,因此亟需针对特定地区开展生态补偿问题,本文通过制度及政策分析,在排污权交易角度,提出一条解决生态补偿资金问题的新途径。并进行了制度模型的优势分析。     

土壤中重金属累积预测模型研究进展

健康的土壤是维持人体健康以及国家粮食安全的重要保障.中国部分地区土壤重金属污染较为严重,因此采用合理的预测模型对土壤中的重金属污染状况进行分析和预测,对于土壤的健康管理具有重要意义.聚焦土壤中重金属累积预测模型研究现状,简要分析土壤中重金属的累积行为,阐述不同重金属累积预测模型原理以及实际应用,总结影响预测模型准确度的...     

Hydrologic Effects of NDVI Time Series in a Context of Climatic Variability in an Upstream Catchment of the Minjiang River1

Abstract: Increasing regional vegetation activity has been frequently found especially in middle and high latitude and alpine areas, but the effects of which on regional hydrology is still highly uncertain. The Upstream Catchment of Minjiang River is a large mountainous catchment covering 22,919 km² with a diverse vegetation distribution pattern, including alpine group (A), subalpine group (SA), and temperate and subtropical group (T/ST). The Seasonal Mann‐Kendall test, a nonparametric trend test method, detected consistent upward trends in all groups in monthly accumulated growing degree days (AGDD_M) time series from 1982 to 2003, but no significant trend in mean monthly precipitation (MMP) time series in any group. The alpine group had a significant (p = 0.024) upward trend in monthly Normalized Difference of Vegetation Index (NDVI) time series from 1982 to 2003, in contrast, the SA and T/ST groups had decreasing (although not significant) trends. AGDD_M plays more important role than MMP in affecting NDVI change in alpine areas, indicating temperature was the main climatic driver. In contrast, water was the main driver for the T/ST group, as indicated by the significant correlation between NDVI and MMP and a weak correlation with AGDD_M. Correlation coefficients of NDVI and river flow varied with seasons, mostly negative, especially during the growing season (April to October). A significant (p = 0.025) correlation was found only in August, indicating that an increase in peak‐NDVI decreased high flow significantly. TI‐NDVI_c, which was developed in an attempt to track the vegetation change at the catchment scale, accounted for more than 40% of the evapotranspiration increase (r² = 0.43).     

陕西某地区地下水Cr(Ⅵ)异常的水化学特征及其富集因素分析

以42组水化学测试数据为基础,结合野外调查资料,分析研究区Cr(Ⅵ)异常地下水的分布规律和水化学特征,探讨Cr(Ⅵ)富集的影响因素.结果表明Cr(Ⅵ)异常地下水主要位于基岩含水层,水化学类型以HCO3-Na、HCO3-Na·Ca型为主,随地下水埋深的增加,Cr(Ⅵ)浓度、γNa+/γCl-系数逐渐增大,γCa2+/γHCO-3系数逐渐减小;与正常水相比,Cr(Ⅵ)异常地下水的p H、溶解氧、离子强度的平均值分别由7.2、4.3 mg·L-1、0.011 mol·L-1变为7.6、5.5 mg·L-1、0.028 mol·L-1,溶解氧增加有利于Cr(Ⅲ)的氧化,p H升高、离子强度降低可以促进Cr(Ⅵ)的活化,这些是促使含水介质中Cr(Ⅵ)的解吸、迁移和富集的主要水化学因素.     

生态环境损害赔偿磋商第三人的角色失调与定位——基于15省份磋商办法与十大典型案例的分析

要发挥生态环境损害公私法协同治理的效应,在公法救济上需要明确第三人在磋商中的定位。从15省份磋商办法以及十大典型案例看,磋商第三人存在着法律性质不明、参与方式失灵、参与效力不足三方面问题。在法治化轨道路径上,可以将磋商第三人类型分为技术专家、其他机关、利益相关者,其法律性质应分别确定为“智囊团”、协助者或监督者、监督者。参与方式上应将技术专家和利益相关者规定为应当参与人、其他机关规定为可以参与人,以此细化参与方式和参与环节。参与效力上应在区别三者功能和作用的基础上,分别规定其意见表达对于磋商结果的约束力。