气态有机物组成对生物过滤及菌体密度的影响

以堆肥-火山灰为填料的生物过滤器连续处理含甲苯、乙酸乙酯和异丙醇的气体,观测生物过滤效果和填料的菌系状态变化.结果表明:在甲苯和乙酸乙酯共存的条件下,生物过滤器优先去除乙酸乙酯;当进气中同时存在甲苯、乙酸乙酯和异丙醇时,优先去除乙酸乙酯和异丙醇.填料中各种微生物的菌体密度与过滤去除的有机物组成和浓度有关.霉菌和酵母菌竞争利用乙酸乙酯和异丙醇的能力较强,放线菌和细菌对甲苯的竞争利用能力较强.进气中高浓度的有机物会使填料中的菌体密度增大.在处理甲苯、乙酸乙酯和异丙醇的生物过滤器的各段填料中,菌体密度按细菌、霉菌、酵母菌、放线菌的顺序而降低. 图 1表 3参 17     

七台河市大气污染特征及变化浅析

通过对七台河市2006年1月起空气连续监测系统正式运行以来的监测数据分析,归纳、总结七台河市大气污染物随季节变化规律,每日、小时变化规律及市区不同地区大气污染物分布特征,并对这种特征及变化规律进行分析.     

两相分配体系中硅酮母粒对氯苯降解菌Delftia sp. LW26的影响

将硅酮母粒作为两相分配体系中的固态非水相（SNAP）来处理氯苯废气,从细胞表面疏水性（CSH）、菌体表面胞外多聚物（EPS）和电子传递体系（ETS）来探究硅酮母粒的加入对微生物特性以及活性的影响.结果表明,硅酮母粒在1 h内可捕集70%左右的氯苯,5次回收再利用的硅酮母粒在两相体系中对氯苯的去除率仍在99%以上;在较高的初始氯苯浓度下（10 mmol·L^-1）,两相体系中的ETS活性可达到112 mg·g^-1·h^-1,而在单相体系中未检测到ETS活性;两相体系中EPS量较于单相体系也有所提高,并且EPS中的蛋白质与多糖的比值是单相体系的2.34倍,这在一定程度上提高了CSH,使菌体更趋向于粘附在固/液界面,提高了传质效率;CSH总体上随硅酮母粒比例的增加而增加,且在20%时达到最大值.     

Toward rational design of amines for CO2 capture: Substituent effect on kinetic process for the reaction of monoethanolamine with CO2

Amines have been considered as promising candidates for post-combustion CO₂ capture. A mechanistic understanding for the chemical processes involved in the capture and release of CO₂ is important for the rational design of amines. In this study, the structural effects of amines on the kinetic competition among three typical products (carbamates, carbamic acids and bicarbonate) from amines + CO₂ were investigated, in contrast to previous thermodynamic studies to tune the reaction of amines with CO₂ based on desirable reaction enthalpy and reaction stoichiometry. We used a quantum chemical method to calculate the activation energies (E_a) for the reactions of a range of substituted monoethanolamines with CO₂ covering three pathways to the three products. The results indicate that the formation of carbamates is the most favorable, among the three considered products. In addition, we found that the E_a values for all pathways linearly correlate with pK_a of amines, and more importantly, the kinetic competition between carbamate and bicarbonate absorption pathways varies with pK_a of the amines, i.e. stronger basicity results in less difference in E_a. These results highlight the importance of the consideration of kinetic competition among different reaction pathways in amine design.     

喷施沼液对芸豆产量和重金属含量的影响

该研究通过田间试验,以芸豆为试材,开展了喷施沼液对其生长、产量、病虫害和重金属含量影响的测试,并采用目标危险系数法(THQ)评价了芸豆果实中重金属的健康风险。结果表明,喷施沼液促进了芸豆植株根系发育,果实籽粒生长,提高果实数量,降低了芸豆锈病和细菌性疫病发病率,减少了二十八星瓢虫的啃食作用,增加了果实产量,增产幅度为17.6%。芸豆果实样品中检测了5种重金属,其中Zn、Cu、Cr、Cd 4种重金属含量范围分别为31.93~38.88 mg/kg、5.56~8.29 mg/kg、0.64~1.29 mg/kg和0.09~0.15 mg/kg,未检测到Pb,喷施沼液芸豆中重金属含量满足《食品中污染物限量》(GB 2762-2005)规定。总目标危险系数显示食用喷施沼液的芸豆不存在明显的健康风险,但儿童潜在健康风险高于成人,城市人群高于农村人群。     

沈阳辉山水库水质污染现状分析及评价

根据《地表水环境质量评价办法》中规定的方法,对沈阳辉山水库进行了水质和富营养化状态评价,并对污染源和水质污染特性进行了分析。结果显示:水库水质类别为劣Ⅴ类,水质状况为重度污染。富营养化综合营养状态指数为34.44,辉山水库水质为中营养化水平,水库没有藻类水华的产生。水库主要污染指标为总磷、总氮和悬浮物,分别超出国家地表水Ⅲ类标准的14.2倍、5.85倍和2.72倍。整个库区水质变化不均匀,水质变化受库区沿岸污染物排放影响较大,辉山明渠上游和某工厂暗渠排污口输入是水库主要污染源,库区周围动迁后的荒地和蚯蚓养殖,是辉山水库地面径流和农业污染污染源。     

微生物燃料电池在污水处理中的研究进展

微生物燃料电池(microbial fuel cell,MFC)利用微生物催化剂将其代谢能直接转化为电能,具有原料广泛、反应条件温和、清洁高效等优点.简述了MFC的工作原理及分类,总结了用于污水处理的MFC的性能及其影响因素.探讨了MFC在实际应用中的瓶颈,并展望其在污水处理中的应用前景.     

基于修正莫尔库伦的基坑开挖对隧道安全影响研究

为分析基坑开挖对临近地铁隧道的影响,以某基坑工程为研究背景,结合修正-莫尔库伦本构关系,采用Midas GTS NX构建三维地层结构模型,通过仿真分析基坑开挖前后隧道水平、竖向位移的变化规律及特征点.结果表明:基坑开挖会导致地铁隧道结构产生水平收缩的趋势,隧道最大沉降和隆起点从远离基坑的外侧隧道向靠近基坑的内侧隧道转移...     

Quantitative modeling of freshwater stress in the nine water basins of Tanzania

Freshwater scarcity is a global issue of environmental concern that threatens agricultural production and human health.In this study,we established freshwater stress indices(WSIs) for the nine water basins of Tanzania by using the quantity of freshwater available and various water uses.The relationship between water availability and different water uses,including environmental water requirements,was analyzed,with uncertainty and sensitivity analysis performed by a Monte Carlo simulation technique.Extreme WSI values close to 1.00 were obtained in the Rufiji,Pangani,and Wami-ruvu basins,Internal drainage,and Lake Rukwa,while low and moderate WSI values ranging from 0.03 to 0.84 were found in Lake Victoria and the Ruvuma,Tanganyika,and Nyasa basins.This study adds further knowledge on the level of freshwater scarcity,relationships between water availability and different water uses,and suggests policy options to reduce freshwater scarcity at the basin level for sustainable water supply.