生活垃圾生物好氧预处理技术研究

以快速降低含水率、提高生活垃圾热值为研究目的,利用工程用堆肥料仓作为试验平台,通过控制进仓物料、堆高、通风量、翻堆等反应条件进行生物干化过程,研究有机物的降解情况以及含水率与热值的变化规律.试验结果表明,以原生垃圾为进料,堆高1.5m,通风量0.32 m3/(min·m3),反应进行到第4天进行翻堆,生活垃圾中水分去除率达到16％,热值可提高到5376 kJ/kg.     

Adsorption of soluble oil from water to graphene

The toxicity of soluble oil to the aquatic environment has started to attract wide attention in recent years. In the present work, we prepare graphene according to oxidation and thermal reduction methods for the removal of soluble oil from the solution. Characterization of the as-prepared graphene are performed by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Raman spectra, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and contact angle analysis. The adsorption behavior of soluble oil on graphene is examined, and the obtained adsorption data are modeled using conventional theoretical models. Adsorption experiments reveal that the adsorption rate of soluble oil on graphene is notably fast, especially for the soluble diesel oil, which could reach equilibrium within 30 min, and the kinetics of adsorption is perfectly consistent with a pseudo-second-order model. Furthermore, it is determined that the adsorption isotherm of soluble diesel oil with graphene fit the Freundlich model best, and graphene has a very strong adsorption capacity for soluble diesel oil in the solution. These results demonstrate that graphene is the material that provided both good adsorptive capacity and good kinetics, implying that it could be used as a promising sorbent for soluble oil removal from wastewater.     

内酯型槐糖脂修复石油污染土壤的影响因素

采用内酯型槐糖脂(SL50)修复石油污染土壤。通过单因子实验与正交实验,考察了槐糖脂溶液质量浓度、振荡时间、反应体系初始pH、NaCl加入量以及固液比(土壤质量与表面活性剂溶液体积之比)对污染土壤石油烃洗脱率的影响。单因子模型回归分析结果表明,参数变量均符合二次拟合模型,槐糖脂溶液质量浓度、反应体系初始pH以及NaCl加入量的二次模型拟合效果较好。正交实验结果表明,槐糖脂溶液质量浓度和反应体系初始pH是该实验的敏感性因子,最优洗脱条件为槐糖脂溶液质量浓度40 mg/L、反应体系初始pH 9、NaCl加入量6%(w)。     

Briefing of Symposium on Environmental Protection and Ecology in Developing Countries

The symposium on Environmental Protection and Ecology in Developing Countries, orga-nized and financed by Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) and Federation of Asian Scientific Academics and Societies (FASTS) and supported by American Association for the Advance-ment of Science (AAAS) and the UNEP Regional representative has held on November 2-4 in Beijing, China.     

Prenatal identification of a 45,X/46,Xder(Y) mosaicism and confirmation by high resolution cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization

A 45,X/46,Xder(Y) mosaicism detected prenatally was shown to have a rare Y inversion- duplication or Y/Y translocation which can only be identified by a combination of high resolution cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization. The present data indicate the usefulness and importance of chromosome-specific probes in the identification and characterization of chromosome rearrangements.     

Dynamic behavior of stormwater quality parameters in South Texas

To control water impairment in urban stormwater, it is important to evaluate changing patterns of water quality parameters in stormwater runoff. Thus, the authors performed a series of experiments to investigate the dynamics of common water parameters during storm events in semi-arid areas, with multiple samples collected and analyzed in field stormwater applications. At this field monitoring site within McAuliffe Park, McAllen, Texas, in the United States, a storm event increased the concentrations of Escherichia coli (E. coli), but this event represented a decreasing trend over the entire event period. Besides, peak intensity of different pollutants in the stormwater runoff occurred at different times other than at any peak flows, representing a complexity of the temporal and spatial measurements. Multi-sample perevent approaches recommended based on the complexity of the hydrograph and different peak intensity times of pollutants. In addition, high bacteria and total suspended solids (TSS) concentrations in the initial stage of the storm event should be considered when designing Best Management Practices (BMPs) and Low Impact Developments (LIDs). New strategies and solutions for addressing ecohydrological challenges should be proposed to avoid collateral damages to their both common wealth in ecosystems and human well-beings.     

亚氯酸钠溶液烟气脱硝与烟气余热回收的一体化试验

锅炉烟气中的NO_x是大气污染的重要原因之一.针对燃气锅炉NO_x超低排放的要求以及烟气中大量余热被浪费的现状,提出了烟气脱硝与余热回收一体化的新方法,通过搭建一体化试验台,分析在烟气余热回收的条件下,c[NaClO₂（亚氯酸钠）]、液气比、喷淋水温度等因素对脱硝效率以及烟气余热回收效率的影响.烟气脱硝与余热回收一体化的新方法主要体现在逆流式烟气喷淋塔中,可利用NaClO₂溶液对低φ（NO_x）的烟气脱硝并同时回收烟气余热.试验结果表明,c（NaClO₂）越高、pH越低、液气比越大,NaClO₂溶液脱硝率越高.当c（NaClO₂）为0.020 0 mol/L、喷淋水温度在30~80℃之间变化时,存在最优的喷淋水温度64℃,使脱硝率最高为36%.同时,液气比及喷淋水温度对余热回收效果影响显著,液气比越大、喷淋水温度越低,余热回收效果越好.试验结果还显示了当烟气温度为83℃、喷淋水温度为48℃、c（NaClO₂）为0.015 0~0.020 0 mol/L、液气比为13.8 L/m3时,烟气脱硝效率约为40%,同时回收了26.4 kW的烟气余热.研究显示,在逆流式烟气喷淋塔中,利用NaClO₂溶液进行烟气脱硝并同时回收烟气余热的一体化方法是可行的,可应用于工程实践.      

汶川地震北川县城地表断层破裂特征

2008年5月12日四川省汶川8.0级地震是由于青藏高原的挤压应力在龙门山断裂集中释放.北川位于龙门山断裂的北段,野外考察结果表明,在主断裂方向北川县城可观测到两条断裂,并且产生了明显的地表破裂,走向均为北东30°～50°,主断裂方向地表破裂约10 km,具有明显挤压逆断层特征,上盘以60°～80°高角度向北东逆冲,断层垂直位移量3～4m,水平位移量0～2 m.主断裂的地表破裂集中位于两个地层的不整合面上,上盘为寒武系细砂岩、砂页岩,下盘为泥盆系白云岩、白云质灰岩.另外在北川县城北部发现次级断裂一条,走向北西30°,地表破裂长度约4 km,表现为正断层特征.这些破裂都直接或间接受地下深部构造的控制.