Assessment of uranium migration and pollution sources in river sediments of the Ili River Basin using multiply statistical techniques

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Uranium (U) is a highly toxic radioactive element and limited to < 30 μg/L in drinking water by the World Health Organization. In this...     

汞(Ⅱ)-有机物-悬浮物体系的吸附行为和电泳特征的探讨

本文研究了Hg(Ⅱ)-HS—CH_2—COOH—OH—α-Al_2O_3悬浮体系的吸附行为和电泳特征.通过Gouy-Chapman和Healy模化处理,揭示了α-Al_2O_3微粒固-液界面双电层电荷密度和厚度的分布状况.以Healy模型拟合实验吸附曲线的结果,从热力学的角度,提出了吸附反应存在库仑吸附和化学吸附两种途径.计算结果与实验曲线拟合较好.运用ESCA技术,观察到固-液界面的成键效应.     

城市给水厂紫外-氯消毒工艺运行效能的综合评价

针对城市给水厂紫外-氯消毒工艺应用过程中存在缺少技术文件指导和管理水平不足的问题,建立了紫外-氯工艺运行效能综合评价模型,以明确一定条件下紫外-氯工艺的最佳运行参数,为给水厂紫外-氯工艺运行管理提供参考。基于灰色聚类关联分析模型和技术成本效益模型,分别建立了紫外-氯工艺运行技术效能评价模型和经济收益评价模型,从技术效能和经济收益两方面,对不同地域的4座给水厂（编号为A、B、C和D）进行了工艺运行综合效能评价。评价结果表明,C厂紫外-氯工艺的综合效能最佳,主要工艺参数为紫外剂量42.8 mJ·cm⁻²、有效氯投量1.8 mg·L⁻¹。本研究结果可为给水厂紫外-氯工艺的调试及运行提供参考。     

碳基纳米铜复合材料对普通小球藻胁迫作用的研究

随着科技的飞速发展,纳米类材料在电化学、药物运输、生物传感器等领域中得到了广泛的应用,这导致了其通过各种途径进入水、土壤、大气等环境介质中,对生态环境安全造成潜在威胁.以水体中环境浓度的碳基纳米铜复合材料为受试浓度范围,以环境适应性和污染物耐受性均较强的普通小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)为对象,研究了水...     

护栏伤人事故的行为原因研究

为有效预防护栏卡脖伤人事故的再次发生,统计研究了2008—2016年发生的8起护栏卡脖伤人事故,以事故致因"2-4"模型为分析工具对事故发生的行为原因进行分析,结果表明:事故发生的直接原因包括直接不安全动作即在护栏边休息等,其它不安全动作和不安全物态即形状、间隙大小不合理的护栏等;间接原因是受害者、行人、护栏设计生产者、管理运营者、标准制定者的安全知识、意识、习惯、生理、心理存在问题;根本原因是家庭、社区、公司、生产厂家、管理运营单位、国家标准制定单位等组织安全管理体系的缺欠;根源原因是上述组织的安全文化缺欠。最后,针对事故所涉及的组织分别提出预防对策。     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils around Guanting Reservoir,Beijing, China

The concentrations of 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (∑ 16PAHs) were measured by gas chromatography equipped with a mass spectrometry detector (GC-MS) in 56 topsoil samples around Guanting Reservior (GTR), which is an important water source for Beijing. Low to medium levels of PAH contamination (mean=394.2±580.7 ng g^?1 dry weight (d.w.)) was evident throughout the region. In addition, localised areas of high PAH contamination near steel and cement factories were identified, with ∑ 16PAHs concentrations as high as 4110 ng/g, dry weight (d.w.). There was a significant positive correlation (r²=0.570, p<0.01) between total organic carbon content and ∑ 16PAHs concentrations. Phenanthrene was the predominant compound, accounting for 27.2% of the ∑ PAH concentration, followed by chrysene>pyrene>benzo[a]anthracene≈ benzo[b]fluoranthene≈ benzo[a]pyrene. Four-ring PAH homologues (39%) were dominant. The higher proportion of 4–6 ring homologues, molecular indices, and the spatial distribution of PAH indicated that industrial discharges, incineration of wastes and traffic discharges were the major sources of soil PAHs around the water reservoir.     

污水生物处理系统中内源过程的研究进展

污水生物处理系统的内源过程涉及到一系列微生物学、生态学机制和过程,因而对处理系统的各个方面都有重要影响.然而-目前对内源过程的认识还相当有限.本文首先在总结现有知识的基础上对污水生物处理系统中的内源过程作了定义,并对其区分为细胞和群落两个水平-随后,分别对内源过程中的细胞维持、解偶联、程序化细胞死亡、饥饿状态、高等微生物捕食等过程作了综述,总结了其在污水生物处理领域的研究进展.此外.文章还概述了细胞维持能量和细胞衰减速率的测定方法及其研究进展和存在的问题.本文的目的是通过综述现有的知识,推动对污水生物处理系统中内源过程研究的进一步发展.     

生物扰动作用对河口沉积物中荧蒽去除的影响

通过室内微宇宙实验系统研究了天津厚蟹(Helice tientsinensis)和双齿围沙蚕(Perinereis aibuhitensis)生物扰动作用下河口沉积物中荧蒽的去除情况。实验结果显示,天津厚蟹扰动组中荧蒽的去除率显著高于沙蚕扰动组(P=0.05)和对照组(P=0.003),其中对表层(0~2 cm)和中层(3~5 cm)的促进效果最为显著;虽然各实验组表层沉积物中荧蒽的去除率均超过50%,但扰动组的去除更快,在36 d时就达最高去除率68%;双齿围沙蚕扰动组底层沉积物中荧蒽的去除率高于厚蟹扰动组和对照组,但差异不显著。研究表明表层沉积物中的荧蒽易去除,厚蟹生物扰动对荧蒽去除有显著促进作用;在距离表层5cm以下的沉积物中荧蒽的持久性增强,但生物扰动作用可促进其去除。     

Pollution assessment and source identifications of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in sediments of the Yellow River Delta, a newly born wetland in China

The levels and possible sources of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic carbons (PAHs) in the sediments from the Yellow River Delta (YRD) were investigated. The total PAH concentrations ranged from 23.9 to 520.6 microg kg(-1) with a mean value of 150.9 microg kg(-1), indicating low or medium levels compared with reported values of other deltas. The concentrations of the 16 individual PAHs presented varied profiles among different regions. The ecological risk assessment of PAHs showed that adverse effects would rarely occur in the sediments of the YRD based on the effect range-low quotients and the probability risk assessment. The PAH compositions and the principal component analysis (PCA) with multiple linear regression (MLR) uniformly presumed the mixed sources of pyrogenic- and petrogenic-deriving PAHs in the YRD. By PCA with MLR, the contributions of major sources were quantified as 36.4% from oil burning, 33.1% from biomass combustion, and 30.5% from diesel emission sources.     

Magnetic polyamidoamine dendrimers for magnetic separation and sensitive determination of organochlorine pesticides from water samples by high-performance liquid chromatography

Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have received much attention due to their toxicity. Reliable methods to monitor their residues in the environment are needed. Here, magnetic polyamidoamine dendrimers were prepared by co-precipitation, Michael addition, and amidation. The magnetic polyamidoamine dendrimers demonstrated good adsorption ability for OCPs—this feature was utilized to construct a sensitive tool for monitoring OCPs in water samples. The proposed method provided remarkable linearity from 0.1 to 500 μg/L and satisfactory limits of detection from 0.012 to 0.029 μg/L. The spiked recoveries of the four target analytes were 91.8%?103.5% with relative standard deviations less than 4.5%. The magnetic materials had good reusability. The results indicated that the resulting method was an efficient, easy, rapid, economical, and eco-friendly tool for monitoring OCPs in aqueous samples.